2015—2021年宁波市居民健康素养水平趋势性分析

Trend analysis of health literacy level among residents in Ningbo City from 2015 to 2021

目的分析宁波市居民健康素养监测数据,了解宁波市健康素养的水平、影响因素及变化趋势,为相关机构采取策略及健康教育和健康促进工作的开展提供依据。方法选取2015—2021年宁波市各区(县)的15~69岁常住人口,通过分层多阶段随机抽样对目标人群进行问卷调查,对宁波市居民健康素养监测数据进行统计描述、差异分析、影响因素分析和趋势性分析。结果宁波市居民的健康素养水平由2015年的15.44%增长至2021年的37.30%,总体水平和两类指标体系水平均呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。不同年龄(χ^(2)=2589.69,P<0.01)、文化程度(χ^(2)=5081.07,P<0.01)、职业(χ^(2)=2556.97,P<0.01)、居住地(χ^(2)=11.84,P<0.01)人员的健康素养具备率差异有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示,年份(χ^(2)=538.63,P<0.01)、居住地(χ^(2)=9.53,P<0.01)、年龄(χ^(2)=182.67,P<0.01)、文化程度(χ^(2)=1505.39,P<0.01)和职业(χ^(2)=76.38,P<0.01)是宁波市居民健康素养的影响因素。结论2015—2021年宁波市居民健康素养水平呈较大幅度提高;居民在基本知识和理念、慢性病防治的素养水平增幅得到提升;健康素养增长幅度趋于放缓,可通过多元化健康素养提升项目、健康支持性环境优化和政策措施结合等方式,强化健康教育与健康促进工作。

Objective This study aimed to analyze the health literacy monitoring data of residents in Ningbo City,understand the level,influencing factors,and changing trends of health literacy in Ningbo,and provide a basis for relevant agencies to adopt strategies and carry out health education and health promotion work for relevant institutions.Methods The subjects of this study were the permanent residents aged 15-69 years in various districts and counties of Ningbo City from 2015 to 2021.A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the target population.SPSS 20.O is used to conduct statistical description,variance analysis,influencing factor analysis,and trend analysis of the data from residents'health literacy monitoring in Ningbo City.Results The rate of health literacy increased from 15.44%in 2015 to 37.30%percent in 2021 in Ningbo City,and the overall level and the two index systems both showed a steady upward trend(P<0.01).The differences in health literacy possession rates between different ages(χ^(2)=2589.69,P<0.01),education levels(χ^(2)=5081.07,P<0.01),residential areas(χ^(2)=11.84,P<0.01)and occupation(χ^(2)=2556.97,P<0.01)were statistically significant.Logistic regression analysis showed that year(χ^(2)=538.63,P<0.01),residential areas(χ^(2)=9.53,P<0.01),age(x=182.67,P<0.01),education level(χ^(2)=1505.39,P<0.01),and occupation(χ^(2)=76.38,P<0.01)were influencing factors of health literacy among Ningbo residents.Conclusions From 2015 to 2021,the level of health literacy of Ningbo residents has been greatly improved.Residents literacy level in basic knowledge and concepts,as well as chronic disease prevention and treatment,increased significantly.The growth rate of health literacy has slowed down.Health education and health promotion can be strengthened through diversified health literacy promotion projects,health-supportive environment optimization,and a combination of policies and measures.