中国新型冠状病毒疫苗犹豫影响因素Meta分析

Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in China:a Meta-analysis

目的了解新型冠状病毒疫苗(新冠疫苗)犹豫的影响因素,为降低新冠疫苗接种犹豫提供参考依据。方法系统检索2020年1月1日—2022年7月31日中国知网(CNKI)、万方(Wanfang Database)、维普(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、MEDLINE以及Cochrane Library数据库中涉及新冠疫苗犹豫及其影响因素的相关文献,运用Stata 15软件进行Meta分析。结果本研究共纳入19篇相关文献,研究对象总数为70318人,新冠疫苗犹豫的合并效应值为32%(95%CI:0.25~0.38)。疫苗接种影响因素的Meta分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.23~1.49)、本科及以上学历(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.31~2.33)、存在基础疾病(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.36~1.68)、认为身体健康不需要接种新冠疫苗(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.66~2.52)、认为国内风险不高不需要接种疫苗(OR=2.12,95%CI:1.47~3.05)、认为疫苗存在风险(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.39~1.76)、担心疫苗有不良反应(OR=2.35,95%CI:1.83~3.01)、受家人/朋友/同事疫苗犹豫的影响(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.34~2.81)是疫苗犹豫的促进因素(OR>1.00,P<0.05);而对疫苗的信任(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.43~0.70)、认为疫苗有效(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.38~0.52)、自认为有高感染新冠病毒的风险(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.34~0.49)是疫苗犹豫的阻碍因素(OR<1.00,P<0.05)。结论民众对接种新冠疫苗存在不同程度的犹豫,建议加强疫苗安全性、有效性、接种后不良反应及接种注意事项等相关知识的健康科普宣教,提高民众对疫苗的信任,以及对自身感染风险的判断,从而降低疫苗犹豫程度。

Objective To summarize the influencing factors of vaccine hesitancy in COVID-19 vaccine and provide reference data for reducing the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.Methods Relevant literature on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its influencing factors in China's Mainland from January 1,2020,to July 31,2022,was systematically searched in CNKI,Wanfang Database,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Embase,MEDLINE,and Cochrane Library.Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15 software.Results A total of 19 articles were included in this study,with a total of 70318 participants.The combined efect value of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 32%(95%CI:0.25-0.38).Meta-analysis of influencing factors of vaccination showed that female(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.23-1.49),bachelor degree or above(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.31-2.33),having basic diseases(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.36-1.68),believing that COVID-19 vaccine is not necessary for health(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.66-2.52),believing that domestic risks are not high and vaccination is not necessary(OR=2.12,95%CI:1.47-3.05),believing that vaccines are risky(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.39-1.76),worrying about adverse reactions(OR=2.35,95%CI:1.83-3.01),and being influenced by family members,friends or colleagues(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.34-2.81)were the promoting factors of vaccine hesitancy(OR>1.00,P<0.05).However,believed in the vaccine(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.43-0.70),thought the vaccine was effective(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.38-0.52),and believed they had a high risk of COVID-19 infection(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.34-0.49)were inhibiting factors for vaccine hesitancy(OR<1.00,P<0.05).Conclusions People have different degrees of hesitation about the COVID-19 vaccine.It is suggested that health science education on vaccine safety,effectiveness,adverse reactions after vaccination,and precautions for vaccination be strengthened so as to improve people's trust in the vaccine and judge their own infection risks,thus reducing the degree of vaccine hesitation.