2012—2021年贵阳市青年HIV感染者和艾滋病患者时空分布特征

Spatial and temporal distribution characterisstics of youth HIVinfected individuals and AIDS patients in Guiyang City from 2012 to 2021

目的分析贵阳市15~24岁青年人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者和获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者(HIV感染者/AIDS患者)时空分布特征,为制定AIDS精准防控措施提供科学依据。方法HIV感染者/AIDS患者数据来源于全国艾滋病综合防治信息系统,人口数据来源于贵阳市卫生统计年鉴。采用趋势χ^(2)检验分析HIV感染者/AIDS患者流行趋势,采用空间自相关和时空扫描分析青年HIV感染者/AIDS患者的时空聚集性特征。结果2012—2021年贵阳市共报告青年HIV感染者/AIDS患者1234例,HIV感染者/AIDS患者报告率总体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=20.731,P<0.01)。全局空间自相关分析发现,2012年存在空间自相关,提示HIV感染者/AIDS患者呈聚集性分布(Z=2.0733,P=0.0350),2013—2021年青年HIV感染者/AIDS患者呈随机分布,未见明显的聚集性。局部空间自相关分析提示,热点区域为云岩区、南明区、乌当区和花溪区。时空扫描分析发现1个聚集区,为观山湖区、南明区和云岩区(RR=1.56,LLR=23.16,P<0.01),聚集时间为2019—2021年。结论贵阳市青年HIV感染者/AIDS患者存在聚集性特征,需加强观山湖区、南明区、云岩区、乌当区和花溪区青年人群艾滋病防控,防止传染进一步扩散。

Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infected individuals and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)patients(HIV/AIDS patients)aged 15-24 in Guiyang City and to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted AIDS prevention and control measures.Methods Data on HIV/AIDS patients were obtained from the database of the National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information System,and the population data were obtained from the Guiyang Health Statistics Yearbook.Trend Chi-square test was used to analyze the epidemic trend of HIV/AIDS cases,and spatial autocorrelation and spatio-temporal scanning were used to analyze the spatial and temporal clustering characteristics of young HIV/AIDS cases.Results 1234 young HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Guiyang City from 2012 to 2021,and the overall reporting rate of HIV/AIDS cases showed an upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=20.73,P<0.01).The global spatial autocorrelation analysis found that there was spatial autocorrelation in 2012,suggesting that HIV/AIDS cases were clustered(Z=2.0733,P=0.0350),while young HIV/AIDS cases were randomly distributed from 2013 to 2021,without obvious clustering.Local spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates that the hotspots are Yunyan District,Nanming District,Wudang District,and Huaxi District.Spatio-temporal scanning analysis found one cluster area,including Guanshanhu District,Nanming District,and Yunyan District(RR=1.56,LLR=23.16,P<0.01)from 2019 to 2021.Conclusions There are clustering characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in young people in Guiyang.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of AIDS among the younger in Guanshanhu District,Nanming District,Yunyan District,Wudang District,and Huaxi District to prevent the further spread of the epidemic.