植物生物钟在农业生产中应对全球变暖的应用

Plant Circadian Clock in Agricultural Production in Response to Global Warming

当前全球变暖趋势不可逆转,异常气候导致的温度胁迫频繁发生,给农业高产及稳产带来了巨大挑战。生物钟作为内源性且可遗传的计时机制,赋予了植物预测和快速响应环境因子周期性变化的能力,以确保诸多生理生化途径与环境同步,极大增强了植物的生存和繁衍能力。温度响应和补偿现象不仅涉及生物钟与环境信号“同步化”,而且涉及农业生产中作物适应温度胁迫的实际应用。生物钟温度补偿是指在较宽范围的生理温度内,通过转录和转录后机制,生物钟可基本维持近日节律周期的长度不变,确保计时机制准确运行。自然环境中,光照、温度和湿度紧密耦联,作为授时因子将环境信号经过输入途径传递给生物钟核心振荡器,影响植物生长发育的全过程。该文回顾了植物生物钟温度响应和补偿机制的研究历史,详述了最新研究进展,展望了其在作物遗传育种和田间管理等方面的应用前景,为解决农作物温度胁迫适应性问题提供了全新的思路和方案。

Global warming is now a major trend,in which temperature stress due to abnormal climate occurs frequently,posing a great challenge to the high-yield and stable agricultural production.The circadian clock,an endogenous,herita-ble timekeeping mechanism,endows plants with the ability to anticipate and respond rapidly to cyclic changes in external factors,which ensures that physiological and biochemical pathways are synchronized with the environment and greatly enhances plant’s ability to survive and reproduce.The temperature responses and temperature compensation are not only related to the key scientific issue of“synchronization”of the circadian clock with environmental signals,but also to the application of crop adaptation to temperature stress in agriculture.Temperature compensation refers to the fact that within a broad range of physiological temperatures,through transcriptional and post-transcriptional architecture,the clock can essentially maintain the circadian period length unchanged,ensuring that the timekeeping mechanism operates ac-curately.Light,temperature and humidity are closely coupled in the natural environment,and they act as timing factors,transmitting external cues to the core oscillators via the input pathway,which affects almost all processes of plant growth and development.In this review,we summarize the historical research of temperature response and compensation me-chanism of plant circadian clocks,and describe the latest research progress,and also look forward to its application in crop genetic breeding and field management.We seek to provide new idea and solution to the problem of temperature stress adaptation in crops.