甲醇合成技术现状及其发展趋势

Current status and development trends of methanol synthesis technology

甲醇生产装置正向生产规模大型化、低能耗以及环境友好方向发展。主要围绕气相法和液相法甲醇合成技术阐述了其工艺和催化剂的发展、反应器的更新迭代以及反应机理的争论,认为在甲醇合成工艺方面,合成反应逐渐沿着最佳动力学和最佳热力学曲线进行,目标为提高碳单程转化率、碳综合利用率和热效率;在甲醇合成反应器方面,正向降低催化床层温差和塔内压降,操作稳定可靠、结构简单、方便催化剂装卸等方向拓展;在甲醇催化剂方面,高转化率、高选择性、优异的稳定性是一直受关注的研究课题。此外,在上述2种甲醇合成工艺的基础上,利用气相法工艺以CO_(2)和H_(2)为原料制绿色甲醇的模式符合“双碳”目标,也是国内外关注的研究热点。

Methanol production plants are developing towards large-scale production,low energy consumption and environmental friendliness.The development of processes and catalysts,updates and iterations of reactors,and debates on reaction mechanisms around gas-phase and liquid-phase methanol synthesis technologies are mainly elaborated on.It is believed that in the methanol synthesis process,the synthesis reaction is gradually carried out along the optimal kinetic and optimal thermodynamic curves,with the objectives of increasing the single pass carbon conversion,the comprehensive carbon utilization and thermal efficiency.As for the methanol synthesis reactor,it is expanding in the direction of decreasing the temperature difference between the catalytic beds and the pressure drop in the columns,stable and reliable operation,simple structure,and easy loading and unloading of catalysts.In terms of methanol catalysts,high conversion,high selectivity and excellent stability are the long-term research topics.In addition,on the basis of the above two methanol synthesis processes,the use of gas-phase process to produce green methanol from CO_(2) and H_(2) as raw materials is in line with the “dual carbon” goals and is also a research hotspot of concern.