水稻灌区面源污染治理研究进展

The review of research progress on non-point source pollution control in rice irrigation areas

水稻生育期与雨热同期导致灌排机率高,也导致化肥中的氮磷伴随地表径流产生大量流失成为稻作区农业面源污染的主要来源。通过对水稻高效节水灌溉制度、农田退水污染迁移转化机理和灌区退水污染协同调控技术等方面国内外研究动态系统分析,并结合国家和学科发展需求,从退水污染机理解析、灌区水资源调配模拟、灌区面源水污协同调控等方面提出了稻作区面源污染治理研究中亟待解决的关键科学问题,以期为我国农业面源污染防控提供借鉴。

The overlap of the rice growing season with periods of rainfall and heat leads to a high frequency of irrigation and drainage,which causes significant nitrogen and phosphorus losses from fertilizers due to surface runoff.This is a major source of agricultural non-point source pollution in rice cultivation areas.By systematically analyzing the latest research developments on efficient water-saving irrigation systems for rice,the mechanisms of pollutant migration and transformation in farmland drainage,and the collaborative regulation techniques for drainage pollution in irrigation areas,several key scientific issues that urgently need to be addressed in the study of non-point source pollution control in rice cultivation areas have been identified,considerating of national and disciplinary development needs.These include the mechanisms of drainage pollution,simulation of water resource allocation in irrigation areas,and collaborative regulation of non-point source water pollution in irrigation areas,which can provide insights for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in China.