我国食品安全犯罪的立法缺陷与优化路径

Legislative Deficiencies of Food Safety Crime and Its Optimization Paths in China

科学、完备的刑事立法能够为有效治理食品安全犯罪提供坚实的规范基础。目前,我国刑法中关于惩治食品安全犯罪的相关规定存在诸多缺陷,需要从多角度出发进行优化。应准确把握食品安全犯罪的立法定位,将其规定在危害公共安全犯罪当中;建立完善的立法体系,将关联食品安全的犯罪规定在同一章节;明确生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪与生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪之间是法条竞合关系,减少处罚漏洞;增设过失生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪、过失生产、销售有毒有害食品罪等犯罪,全方位保障国民的食品安全;完善罚金刑、严格适用没收财产刑、增设资格刑、调整食品安全犯罪的刑阶,建立完整的刑罚格局。

Scientific and comprehensive criminal legislation can provide a solid normative foundation for effectively addressing food safety crimes.At present,there are many deficiencies in the relevant provisions of China's criminal law on punishing food safety crimes,which need to be optimized from multiple perspectives.We should accurately grasp the legislative positioning of food safety crimes and regulate them in crimes that endanger public safety;we should establish a sound legislative system to include criminal provisions related to food safety in the same chapter;and we should clarify that the crime of producing and selling food that does not meet safety standards and the crime of producing and selling toxic and harmful food are competing legal provisions,thus reducing loopholes in punishment.For the purpose of comprehensively safeguarding the food safety of the people,we should add crime items to the law such as negligent production and sale of food that does not meet safety standards,negligent production and sale of toxic and harmful food.We should establish a complete and comprehensive punishment pattern by improving the fine penalty,strictly applying the confiscation of property penalty,adding qualification penalty,and adjusting the punishment level for food safety crimes.