流动农业工人:概念特征、经济动态与理论视角

Migrant Agricultural Workers:Conceptual Characteristics,Economic Dynamics,and Theoretical Perspectives

农业劳动力问题是农政转型与变迁研究领域的核心议题之一,其深厚的学术传统不仅聚焦对该群体及其背后流动现象的关注,还涉及其对农业、农地、农民和农村方面的多重影响。本文通过对国际农政研究领域的英文文献进行梳理,呈现了流动农业工人群体的定义、特征与生成机制,并从马克思主义、实体主义、新古典与新制度经济学、后现代与后结构主义、生计框架五个经典农政理论视角出发,展现了当前英文学术界围绕该议题形成的核心观点和研究旨趣,进一步揭示了该现象背后蕴含的丰富研究内容和重要研究价值。以雇佣劳动替代家庭劳动是中国农业现代化转型的必然过程,尤其是在蔬菜、水果等特殊农产品种植区域,雇佣流动农业工人普遍存在,是农业经营主体应对季节性劳动力需求高峰的主要方式,也是确保特殊农产品供应安全的保障。因此,应在学术研究与制度建设方面对中国流动农业工人给予更多关注,以构建更公平、规范和更具有支持性的流动环境。

The role of the agricultural labor force constitutes a fundamental topic within agrarian studies,an academic field steeped in a rich scholarly tradition.Research in this domain includes an examination of the labor force's mobility and its profound implications for agriculture,land,peasants,and rural communities.This paper reviews English-language literature in international agrarian studies to clarify the definitions,attributes,and underlying mechanisms shaping the phenomenon of migrant agricultural workers.It presents the core perspectives and scholarly interests from five classic agrarian theoretical frameworks:Marxism,Populism,Neoclassical and New Institutional Economics,Postmodernism and Post-Structuralism,and the Livelihood Framework.It highlights the intricate research content and the profound significance associated with the study of this dynamic labor force.In China,the substitution of family labor with hired labor is an integral aspect of agricultural modernization,a process particularly visible in the production of specialty crops,such as vegetables and fruits,where the engagement of migrant agricultural workers is becoming increasingly prevalent.This labor practice is identified as the key mechanism to meet seasonal labor requirements and is crucial in maintaining the steady supply of these specialty crops.Consequently,this paper calls for greater scholarly and policy attention to the plights and prospects of migrant agricultural workers in China to foster a more equitable,regulated,and supportive migratory environment.