欧七排放标准解读及国七排放标准展望

Interpretation of Euro 7 Emission Standards and Prospects for China 7 Emission Standards

欧盟于2024年5月8日正式发布了欧七排放标准。该标准合并并简化了原轻型车和重型车的欧6/VI排放标准,基于燃料和技术中性的原则,进一步加严了轻型车和重型车的污染物排放限值。新标准增加了对重型车一氧化二氮(N_(2)O)污染物排放的管控,并强化了对车辆排放耐久性的要求,确保车辆在其整个生命周期内维持低排放水平。对于电动汽车,欧七标准提出了电池可靠性的要求,以提升动力电池在实际使用中的性能。此外,欧七标准对车辆在实际道路行驶中的排放控制更加严格,首次对非尾气排放(制动和轮胎磨损颗粒物)提出了要求。在车辆排放管理方面,欧七标准引入了多个新要求,包括车辆环保护照(EVP)、车载远程监控(OBM)系统和车载燃料及能耗监测(OBFCM),通过数字化监控和管理手段提高车辆的环保性能。最后,本文展望了国七排放标准在污染物限值、非尾气排放、温室气体管控、远程监控等方面的制定工作思路和要求,为我国下阶段排放法规的发展提供参考。

The European Union officially released the Euro 7 emission standards on 8 May 2024.The standards merge and simplify the previous Euro 6/VI emission standards for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles,tightening pollutant emission limits based on the princi-ples of fuel and technology neutrality.The new standards introduce controls on nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions for heavy-duty vehicles and enhance the durability requirements for vehicle emissions,ensuring low emission levels throughout the vehicle's lifecycle.With re-gard to electric vehicles,the Euro 7 standards set battery reliability requirements to improve the performance of power batteries in actual use.Furthermore,the Euro 7 standards impose more rigorous controls on real-world driving emissions,for the first time addressing non-exhaust emissions(brake and tyre wear particles).With regard to vehicle emission management,the Euro 7 standards introduce several new requirements,including Environmental Vehicle Passports(EVP),On-Board Monitoring(OBM)systems,and On-Board Fuel and Energy Consumption Monitoring(OBFCM),which leverage digital monitoring and management to enhance vehicle environ-mental performance.Finally,this paper examines the conceptualisation and specifications of the China 7 emission standards with regard to pollutant limits,non-exhaust emissions,greenhouse gas control,and remote monitoring.It serves as a reference for the development of the next phase of emission regulations in China.