中药渣蛴螬生物转化潜力

Biotransformation potential of grubs to Chinese medicine residues

为探究蛴螬在中药渣生物转化中的应用潜力,本研究通过室内培养蛴螬转化实验(周期20 d),研究了新鲜中药渣、发酵中药渣及其与有机物料(木屑、秸秆)配伍经蛴螬生物转化前后的养分含量、腐熟度指标及生物转化率的响应。结果表明:与生物转化前相比,转化产物总养分含量(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)由1.59%~2.94%显著提升至3.36%~4.27%,有效氮(硝态氮+氨态氮)含量显著增加,碳氮比(C/N)由20.59~57.82下降至12.13~26.10,物料腐熟度显著提升(油菜发芽指数平均增加22.50%);与新鲜中药渣为底物的生物转化产物(T4处理)相比,发酵中药渣为底物的转化产物(T1处理)总养分含量提高24.49%,达到4.27%,总有效氮含量增加约4倍,虫体转化率和虫粪转化率分别大幅度提高至5.30%和89.49%,且发酵中药渣的转化产物C/N稳定在20以下,转化产物的农业适用性得到改善;相比于新鲜或发酵中药渣为单一底物的蛴螬生物转化产物(T1或T4处理),有机物料(木屑、秸秆)配伍处理组所得产物(T2和T3、T5和T6处理)的全钾(TK)、有机质(OM)含量和C/N大幅增加,而总养分、有效氮含量、电导率(EC)和油菜种子发芽指数呈下降趋势。研究表明,发酵中药渣的蛴螬生物转化效果优于新鲜中药渣直接生物转化,且与有机物料配伍可提高转化产物的OM和TK含量以及蛴螬的虫粪转化率。

To explore the potential application of grubs in the biotransformation of traditional Chinese medicine residues,this study conducted an indoor cultivation experiment of grub transformation with a period of 20 days to investigate the response of nutrient contents,maturity indexes,and biotransformation rate of grubs to fresh and fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues,and their combination with organic materials(sawdust,straw).The main research results were as follows:compared with materials before biotransformation,the total nutrient content(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)of the transformation products significantly increased from 1.59%-2.94%to 3.36%-4.27%,the contents of available nitrogen(nitrate nitrogen+ammonium nitrogen)significantly increased,the ratio of carbon to nitrogen(C/N)decreased from 20.59-57.82 to 12.13-26.10,and the material maturity significantly improved(the average germination index of rapeseed increased by 22.50%).Compared with the biotransformation products from fresh traditional Chinese medicine residues,the total nutrient content of the transformed products from fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues increased to 4.27%with an increase of 24.49%,and the total effective nitrogen content increased by about 4 times.The conversion rate of insect body and insect feces increased significantly to 5.30%and 89.49%,respectively,and the C/N values of the transformed product stabilized below to 20,improving the agricultural applicability of the transformed products.Compared with the biotransformation products using fresh or fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues as single conversion substrate,the biotransformation products form its combination with organic materials(sawdust,straw)had significantly higher organic matter(OM)and total potassium(TK)contents of the conversion products,as well as C/N values,but had significantly lower values of total nutrients,available nitrogen contents,electrical conductivity(EC)values,and rapeseed seed germination indexes.The results of this study indicated that the biotransformation effect of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues with white grubs is better than that of fresh traditional Chinese medicine residues,and the combination of organic materials can increase the OM and TK contents of the transformation products and conversion rate of insect feces,providing reference and guidance for the biotransformation with white grubs and resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residues.