广东车八岭国家级自然保护区石松类和蕨类植物多样性研究

Studies on Diversity of Lycophytes and Ferns in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve,Guangdong Province

为全面了解广东车八岭国家级自然保护区的植物资源,并为区内生物多样性的长期监测、保护管理和科普教育提供数据支持,于2023年6月至8月通过样线法对该区石松类和蕨类植物进行野外考察和标本采集,并结合文献资料对保护区内石松类和蕨类植物的物种组成、区系特征及资源情况进行统计分析。结果表明:(1)车八岭保护区共有石松类和蕨类植物25科75属231种(含种下等级),本次调查新增保护区内植物64种,隶属于11科28属。(2)保护区内石松类和蕨类植物有单种科6科、单种属38属,分别占总科、属数的24.00%和50.67%,表明该区石松类和蕨类植物具有一定的古老性和孑遗性。(3)保护区内石松类和蕨类植物的区系地理成分复杂多样,其中科属以热带成分为主,分别占总科、属数的60.00%和68.00%;物种以亚热带成分为主(54.98%),热带成分次之(29.87%),符合亚热带植物区系的特征,并具有一定程度的热带区系性质。(4)与周边保护区相比较,车八岭保护区与青云山省级自然保护区的关系最为密切,科属种的相似性指数(Jaccard/Krober系数)分别为92.00/96.00、73.42/85.33、42.42/62.86,推测与两者地理距离较近和气候特征相似有关。(5)保护区内石松类和蕨类植物资源丰富,其中具食用价值6种、药用价值145种、观赏价值141种和工业价值32种,并发现4种国家重点保护石松类和蕨类植物。

In order to comprehensively document the plant diversity within the Chebaling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong and to provide data support for the long-term monitoring,conservation management,and public education regarding biodiversity within the reserve,we conducted field surveys and specimen collection of ferns and lycophytes using transect methods from June to August 2023.A statistical analysis of the species composition,floristic characteristics,and resource status of ferns and lycophytes within the reserve was carried out by integrating literature data.The results indicated:(1)A total of 231 species(including infraspecific taxa)of ferns and lycophytes belonging to 75 genera and 25 families distributed in the nature reserve,among them 64 species from 11 families and 28 genera were new records in the area.(2)There were six monotypic families and 38 monotypic genera,accounting for 24.00%and 50.67%of the total families and genera,respectively,which reflected the ancient and primitive nature of the ferns and lycophytes flora in the area.(3)Ferns and lycophytes composition in this area are derived from multiple origins.The tropical component ranked at the family(60.00%)and genus(68.00%)levels,while at the species level,the subtropical component(54.98%)held prevalence,followed by the tropical component(29.87%).It aligns with the characteristics of subtropical flora,demonstrating a certain degree of features associated with tropical flora.(4)Compared with adjacent nature areas,Chebaling Nature Reserve shows the closest relationship with Qingyunshan Provincial Nature Reserve in Guangdong province.The similarity indices of species,genera,and families(Jaccard/Krober coefficients)stand at 92.00/96.00,73.42/85.33,and 42.42/62.86,respectively.This suggests a probable connection to their geographical proximity and similar climatic features.(5)Within the nature area,ferns and lycophytes resources are abundant,including six edible species,145 medicinal species,141 ornamental species,and 32 species with industrial value.These resources provide rich opportunities for the future rational development and effective utilization of plants.