缝纫机的发明及在中国的引入与发展

The Invention and Introduction of Sewing Machines in China

缝纫机的发明对提升服装行业的生产效率起到了举足轻重的作用,它引入中国以后对我国近代科技传播有着很大的影响,特别是对女性群体接触近现代科学技术大有裨益。文章对缝纫机的发明过程及其在中国的引进与发展进行探讨,研究认为:1)清朝末年,缝纫机作为上层社会的玩具或摆件被引入中国;民国时期,国内缝纫机的使用者开始增多,缝纫机工业也开始逐渐兴起;但直到新中国成立以后,缝纫机工业才开始有了迅猛发展。2)民国时期,国家内部因无法解决各派势力纷争而导致社会动荡,对西方势力的一味妥协又使得外商可以对国内企业进行肆无忌惮的掠夺,严重阻碍了我国缝纫机工业的发展。3)新中国成立以后,我国抓住了家用缝纫机国产化的机遇,使用和拥有缝纫机成为了一种风尚。后来伴随着家用缝纫机的需求量降低,我国推动了家用缝纫机向工业缝纫机的转型,最终使得我国跨入缝纫机工业大国的行列。

The invention of the sewing machine significantly enhanced the production efficiency of the garment industry.After its intoduction to China,it greatly influenced the dissemination of moder techmology in the county,particularly benfting women by exposing them to contemporary and modem scientific and technological advancements.This paper primanily explored the invention process of the sewing machine and its introduction and development in China.The research concluded that:1)At the end of the Qing Dynasty,sewing machines were introduced to China as toys or omaments for the upper class.During the Republic of China peniod,the mumber of sewing machine users in China began to increase,and the sewing machine industry gadually emerged.It wasn't umtil after the establishment of the People's Republic of China that the sewing machine industry experienced rapid development.2)During the Republic of China penod,interal stife and social unrest caused by umresolved factional disputes,along with ureserved concessions to Westem powers that allowed foreign merchants to exploit domestic entepnises recklessly,severely hindered the development of China's sewing machine industry.3)After the founding of the People's Republic of China,the country seized the opportunity to domesticate household sewing machines.The use and ownership of sewing machines became a trend.Subsequently,as the demand for household sewing machines decreased,China promoted the transition from household to industial sewing machines,ultimately leading the county to become a major player in the industial sewing machine sector.