高加索三叶草与白三叶杂种F_(1)代表型遗传变异研究

Studies on Phenotypic Genetic Variation of F_(1)Hybrids of Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.and T.repens L.

对高加索三叶草(♀)、白三叶(♂)及其远缘杂交育成的8个F_(1)代株系的13个数量性状和7个质量性状进行调查,研究杂交F_(1)代表型的相对遗传力与杂种优势。结果表明:13个数量性状表型遗传多样性丰富,11个性状的变异系数超过10%;7个质量性状遗传多样性指数较低;F_(1)代表型遗传多为正向显性,相对遗传力a1最高可达1.92,母本对F_(1)代的相对遗传力较父本高;F_(1)代杂种优势最明显的是小花数与结实小花数,杂种优势率达65.03%和80.96%;聚类分析表明,8个F_(1)代与高加索三叶草距离较近,与白三叶距离较远。

In this experiment,13 quantitative traits and 7 qualitative traits of Caucasian clover(Trifo⁃lium ambiguum Bieb.)as the maternal parent,white clover(T.repens L.)as the paternal parent,and 8 F_(1)generations bred from distant hybridization between them were investigated,to study the phenotypic relative heritability and heterosis of F_(1)hybrids.The results showed that the phenotypic genetic diversity of 13 quantitative traits was abundant,and the coefficient of variation of 11 traits was more than 10%.The genetic diversity index of 7 quality traits was low.The phenotypic inheritance of the F_(1)was mostly positively dominant,and the highest relative heritability a1 can reach 1.92.The relative heritability of female parent to F_(1)was higher than that of male parent.The most obvious heterosis of F_(1)was the number of florets and fruited florets,and the heterosis rates of 65.03%and 80.96%.Cluster analysis showed that 8 F_(1)generations were close to Caucasian clover and far from white clover.