溧阳农村并殖吸虫病流行现况及知信行调查

Prevalence knowledge,attitudes and practices of paragonimiasis in rural areas of Liyang City

目的了解溧阳市农村地区并殖吸虫病流行现况和居民相关防治知识、态度及行为情况。方法2021年10月,以溧阳市自然水体附近的2个行政村居民为调查对象,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法进行人群血清并殖吸虫IgG抗体检测;用捣碎水洗沉淀法检测螃蟹和小龙虾并殖吸虫囊蚴;采用问卷调查农村居民并殖吸虫病防治知识、态度及行为情况。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析居民并殖吸虫病防治知识知晓和感染高危行为的影响因素。结果共调查农村居民525人,采集静脉血样525份,经检测血清并殖吸虫抗体IgG均为阴性;分别采集105只螃蟹和102只小龙虾,均未检出并殖吸虫囊蚴。居民并殖吸虫病防治知识知晓率为20.19%(106/525);13.90%(73/525)的居民有1种及以上感染高危行为,68.19%(358/525)的居民共用砧板处理生熟食物,42.10%(221/525)的居民家中饲养猫狗。多因素logistic回归分析显示,工作长期接触开放自然水域、从事与水产有关工作、个人平均月收入高是农村居民并殖吸虫病防治知识知晓的促进因素;男性、工作长期接触开放自然水域、个人平均月收入中等是居民并殖吸虫感染高危行为的危险因素。结论溧阳市农村居民并殖吸虫感染风险较低,并殖吸虫病防治知识知晓率也较低,存在不良的饮食和卫生习惯,需加强健康教育,增强防病意识。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of paragonimiasis and knowledge,attitudes and practices towards paragonimiasis in rural areas of Liyang City.Methods Residents in two administrative villages neighboring natural water bodies in Liyang City were sampled on October 2021.The human serum IgG antibody against Paragonimus was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Paragonimus metacercaria were detected using the washing and precipitation method in crabs and crayfishes.The knowledge,attitudes and practices towards paragonimiasis were investigated using questionnaires among rural residents,and factors affecting the awareness of paragonimiasis control knowledge and high-risk factors of Paragonimus infections were identified among residents using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results A total of 525 rural residents were sampled,and a total of 525 venous blood samples were collected,which were all negative for serum anti-Paragonimus IgG antibody,and no Paragonimus metacercaria were detected in 105 crabs or 102 crayfishes.The awareness of paragonimiasis control knowledge was 20.19%(106/525)among participants,and 13.90%(73/525)had one and more high-risk factors of Paragonimus infections.There were 68.19%(358/525)of participants using cutting boards for raw and cooked food,and 42.10%(221/525)breeding cats and dogs at home.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified long-term contact of open,natural water body,aquaculture-related jobs and high average monthly incomes as factors promoting the awareness of paragonimiasis control knowledge,and males,long-term contact of open,natural water body,and moderate average monthly incomes as high-risk factors of Paragonimus infections among rural residents.Conclusions The risk of Paragonimus infections is low,and the awareness of paragonimiasis control knowledge is low among rural residents in Liyang City,with poor dietary and health habits.Intensified health education and improved awareness of paragonimiasis prevention is required.