2017—2022年重庆市江津区重点职业病监测结果

Surveillance of key occupational diseases in Jiangjin District,Chongqing from 2017 to 2022

目的分析重庆市江津区近年重点职业病监测结果,为制定重点职业病防治提供科学依据。方法收集2017—2022年重庆市江津区重点职业病监测和工作场所检测数据,对重点监测职业病危害因素分布情况、在岗期间劳动者体检情况、重点职业病危害因素工作场所现场检测情况、新发职业病报告情况进行描述分析。结果共纳入2017—2022年重庆市江津区接触5种重点职业病危害因素69345人次,以接触噪声为主(占74.56%),职业健康体检率99.72%。疑似职业病检出率为0.17%,职业禁忌证检出率1.13%;不同年份、不同重点职业病危害因素疑似职业病检出率和职业禁忌证检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值为23.48~103.19,P值均<0.05)。重点职业病危害因素专项检查异常率8.15%,6年间呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=107.38,P<0.05)。不同职业病危害因素专项体检异常率以噪声最高(10.26%)、煤尘最低(0.15%),5种重点职业病危害因素专项体检异常率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1272.54,P<0.05)。新发职业病检出率0.32%,主要为矽肺(占53.42%)和噪声聋(占34.70%)。重点职业病危害因素检测岗位超标率27.89%,5种重点职业病危害因素岗位的超标率由高到低依次为矽尘(38.08%)、噪声(29.13%)、铅(7.84%)、苯(0.37%)、煤尘(0),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=142.67,P<0.05)。6年间,总体岗位超标率、粉尘和噪声岗位超标率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=85.49、74.38、141.17,P值均<0.05);其中总体岗位和噪声岗位超标率均呈逐年上升趋势(χ趋势2=107.38和55.35,P值均<0.05)。结论江津区重点职业病危害为噪声、粉尘、苯,应根据危害因素的接触情况、检测情况、体检情况,针对性对重点职业病危害企业和重点人群进行监督管理,降低重点职业病发病风险。

Objective To analyze the surveillance results of key occupational diseases recently in Jiangjin District,Chongqing Municipality,so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulation of key occupational disease control measures.Methods The data pertaining to surveillance of key occupational diseases and testing data in workplaces were collected in Jiangjin District,Chongqing Municipality from 2017 to 2022.The distribution of hazard factors of key occupational diseases,healthy examinations of workers during the employment,field tests of hazard factors of key occupational diseases in workplaces and reported emerging occupational diseases were descriptively analyzed.Results A total of 69345 person-times were enrolled for monitoring the hazard factors of 5 key occupational diseases in Jiangjin District,Chongqing Municipality from 2017 to 2022,and noise contact was the predominant hazard factor(74.56%),with a 99.72%percentage of occupational healthy examinations.The detection rates of suspected occupational diseases and occupational contraindications were 0.17%and 1.13%,and there were significant differences in the detection of suspected occupational diseases and occupational contraindications among years and hazard factors of key occupational diseases(χ^(2)=23.48 to 103.19,all P values<0.05).The abnormal rate of special check of hazard factors of key occupational diseases was 8.15%,and appeared a tendency towards a rise from 2017 to 2022(χ^(2)=107.38,P<0.05).The abnormal rate of special check of hazard factors of key occupational diseases was greatest in noise(10.26%),and lowest in coal dust(0.15%),and there was a significant difference in the abnormal rate of special check of hazard factors of 5 key occupational diseases(χ^(2)=1272.54,P<0.05).The detection of emerging occupational diseases was 0.32%,and emerging occupational diseases mainly included silicosis(53.42%)and noise-induced deafness(34.70%).The standard-exceeding proportion was 27.89%for the position of testing the hazard factors of key occupational diseases,and the highest standard-exceeding rate was seen for the position of testing silica dusts(38.08%),followed by testing noise(29.13%),lead(7.84%),benzene(0.37%)and coal dust(0)(χ^(2)=142.67,P<0.05).There were significant differences in the standard-exceeding proportions of gross positions(χ^(2)=85.49,P<0.05),the position of testing dusts(χ^(2)=74.38,P<0.05)and noise(χ^(2)=141.17,P<0.05)from 2017 to 2022,and the standard-exceeding proportions of gross positions and the position for testing noise both appeared a tendency towards a rise over years from 2017 to 2022(χ_(trend)~2=107.38 and 55.35,both P values<0.05).Conclusions Noise,dust and benzene are hazard factors of key occupational diseases in Jiangjin District.Targeted supervision and management are required for enterprises of key occupational diseases and among high-risk populations according to the contact with,tests and health examinations of hazard factors of key occupational diseases,to reduce the risk of key occupational diseases.