不同处理对大别山杜鹃无性繁殖及可育性研究

Effects of several hormones on asexual reproduction of Rhododendron simsii Planch

本研究选取一年生半木质化的大别山杜鹃枝条作为实验材料,开展了以腐殖园土、珍珠岩、河沙为扦插基质的最适配比和以吲哚乙酸(IBA)、萘乙酸(NAA)为生根诱导剂的最佳浓度筛选实验,并对栽培5年的扦插苗坐果率及其种子千粒重、萌发率和绿苗率进行了测量。结果表明:大别山杜鹃在V1(腐殖园土∶珍珠岩∶河沙=1∶2∶2)基质中的愈伤率和生根率最高,分别为38.3%和25.0%,其他配比生根效果排序依次为:V2(腐殖园土∶珍珠岩∶河沙=1∶2∶1)>V3(腐殖园土∶珍珠岩∶河沙=2∶2∶1)>V4(腐殖园土∶珍珠岩∶河沙=1∶1∶1)>V5(腐殖园土∶珍珠岩∶河沙=2∶1∶1)>V6(腐殖园土∶珍珠岩∶河沙=2∶1∶2);在最适基质配比下,经各浓度激素处理后的外植体愈伤率及生根率较对照组显著提高,最高可达到65.00%和68.33%,其数值排序为:C1=(200 mg/L IBA+200 mg/L NAA)>C2=(200 mg/L IBA+300 mg/L NAA)>C3=(100 mg/L IBA+200 mg/L NAA)>C4=(200 mg/L IBA+100 mg/L NAA)>C5=(100 mg/L IBA+100 mg/L NAA)>C6=(100 mg/L IBA+300 mg/L NAA);扦插成活苗在栽培5年后的最高坐果率、种子千粒重、种子播种的萌发和绿苗率分别为26.33%、192.67mg、45.00%和69.00%,在对其进行可育性评价时发现C1、C4处理组的可育性表现良好,C2、C5次之,C3、C6最差。该研究探明了不同基质及不同浓度激素配比对大别山杜鹃生根的敏感程度,测量了激素处理对扦插苗可育性及繁殖力的影响,为实际生产应用提供了理论基础。

In order to clarify the effects of cuttings substrate and exogenous hormones on asexual reproduction ofRhododendron simsii Planch.,and to improve the weak natural reproduction of Rhododendron simsii Planch.,we selected the annual semi-woody Rhododendron simsii Planch.branches as experimental materials,and carried out experiments to screen the optimal ratio of humus soil,perlite,and sand as cuttings substrate and the optimal concentrations of indole acetic acid(IBA),naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)as rooting inducers,and measured the fruiting rate and seed thousand grain weight of cuttings cultivated for five years.The optimal concentration of indole acetic acid(IBA)and naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)as rooting inducers was screened,and the fruiting rate of cuttings cultivated for five years and the thousand-grain weight of seeds were measured.The results showed that the highest healing and rooting rates of 38.3%and 25.0%were obtained in V1(humus soil∶perlite∶river sand=1∶2∶2)substrate,and the rooting effects of the other matrices were as follows:V2(humus soil∶perlite∶river sand=1∶2∶1)>V3(humus soil∶perlite∶river sand=2∶2∶1)>V4(humus soil∶perlite∶river sand=1∶1∶1)>V5(humus soil∶river sand=1∶2∶1)>V6(humus soil∶river sand=1∶2∶1)>V7(humus soil∶river sand=1∶1∶1∶1).:river sand=1∶1∶1)>V5(humus garden soil∶perlite∶river sand=2∶1∶1)>V6(humus garden soil∶perlite∶river sand=2∶1∶2);at the optimum substrate ratio,the healing and rooting rates of the explants treated with the hormones at various concentrations were significantly higher than those of the control group,with a maximum of 65.00%and 68.33%,with the following values in the order:C1=(200 mg/L IBA+200 mg/L NAA)>C2=(200 mg/L IBA+300 mg/L NAA)>C3=(100 mg/L IBA+200 mg/L NAA)>C4=(200 mg/L IBA+100 mg/L NAA)>C5=(100 mg/L IBA+100 mg/L NAA)>C6=(100 mg/L IBA+300 mg/L NAA)>C6=(100 mg/L IBA+300 mg/L NAA)/L IBA+300 mg/L NAA);the highest fruit set percentage of cuttings,thousand seed weight of seeds and green seedling percentage of their seeds sown after 5 years of cultivation were 26.33%,192.67 mg,45.00%and 69.00%,respectively,and their fertility was evaluated with good performance in the C1 and C4 treatment groups,followed by C2 and C5,and the worst fertility in C3 and C6.This study investigated the sensitivity of different substrates and hormone ratios to the rooting of Rhododendron simsii Planch.,measured the effects of hormone treatments on the fertility and propagation of cuttings,and provided a theoretical basis for practical production applications.