不同品种燕麦的营养成分分析

Nutritional Composition Analysis of Different Oats Varieties

对来自国内外的30份燕麦品种的基础营养成分、氨基酸以及各矿质元素进行测定及研究,结合灰色关联度分析方法综合评价了其营养组成。结果显示,不同品种成分差异显著,说明燕麦具有丰富的遗传多样性。其中,粗蛋白含量最高的是定莜1号(23.76%),粗淀粉含量最高的是坝莜6号(73.16%),粗脂肪含量最高的是白燕8号(10.03%)。功能性营养指标中,总黄酮含量范围为420.08(晋燕9号)~3395.12 mg/kg(坝莜9号);总酚含量范围为1516.02(坝莜5号)~5463.71 mg/kg(ITAO-63);植酸含量变化范围为8.74(Shadow)~25.91 mg/kg(科燕1号)。30份材料的谷氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬氨酸和精氨酸含量较高,而胱氨酸和蛋氨酸的含量较低。总氨基酸(TAA)含量最高的是ITAO-63,达16.29%;最低的是坝莜1号,仅为11.57%。其中来自意大利的材料必需氨基酸(EAA)总体较高,最高的为ITAO-27(3.94%)。燕麦不同资源的矿质元素存在丰富的遗传多样性,其中大量元素含量顺序为钾>镁>钙>钠,微量元素顺序为锰>锌>铁>铜>镍>硒。最后通过等权关联度和加权关联度分析,发现30个燕麦品种的综合营养品质居前3位的分别为坝莜8号、ITAO-63和白燕6号,可作为优质燕麦品种选育的骨干材料或功能性食品开发利用的专用品种。

Thirty domestic and international oat cultivars were analyzed for their essential nutrients,aminoacids,and mineral contents.The technique of grey correlation degree analysis was used to thoroughly assess theirnutritional composition.The findings demonstrated that compositions of some cultivars differed significantly,indicating that oats possessed a high degree of genetic variation.The highest crude protein content was foundinDingyou 1(23.76%),the highest crude starch content was found in Bayou 6(73.16%),and the highest crudefat content was found in Baiyan 8(10.03%).Among the functional nutrition indexes,the contents of total flavonoidsranged from 420.08(Jinyan 9)to 3395.12mg/kg(Bayou 9).Total phenol content ranged from1516.02(Bayou5)to 5463.71 mg/kg(ITAO-63).Phytic acid content ranged from 8.74(Shadow)to 25.91 mg/kg(Keyan1).Compared with other amino acids,the contents of Glu,Leu,Asp,Arg were higher,while the contents of Cys andMet were lower.The highest content of total amino acid was ITAO-63(16.29%),the lowest was Bayou1(11.57%).Among them,the essential amino acid of the materials from Italy was generally higher,and the content of ITAO-27(3.94%)was the highest.The mineral elements of different resources of oats had particularlyrichgenetic diversity.The order of major elements content was K>Mg>Ca>Na,while the order of trace elementswas Mn>Zn>Fe>Cu>Ni>Se.Ultimately,the equal-weight correlation degree and weighted correlationdegree research revealed that Bayou 8,ITAO-63,and Baiyan 6 were the top three comprehensive nutritional attributes among 30 oat types.These cultivars can serve as the foundation for superior oat variety breedingor asspecialty cultivars for the creation and application of beneficial foods.