黑龙江省玉米地方品种主要农艺性状综合评价及优异种质资源筛选

Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits and Screening of Excellent Germplasms of Maize Landraces in Heilongjiang Province

研究黑龙江省玉米地方品种表型性状的多样性并筛选优异玉米种质,为地方品种优异性状深入研究提供理论基础。对来自黑龙江省的152个玉米地方品种的12个农艺性状进行2年大田鉴定,分析其表型多样性,通过主成分分析和聚类分析进行类群划分和表型综合评价。结果表明,不同性状变异系数为3.48%~31.23%,平均值18.16%,Shanon-Weaver多样性指数为1.73~2.08,平均值2.02。三江平原温和半湿润区玉米地方品种的多样性较低,但该地区玉米地方品种综合性状较优良,丰产性好,是优良种质较为集中的区域。12个农艺性状的主成分分析结果显示,前5个主成分因子已包含9个农艺性状,累计贡献率达73.93%,这些性状可作为黑龙江省玉米地方品种鉴定与评价的主要指标。聚类分析结果显示,供试品种可划分为6个类群,其中类群Ⅴ综合性状最好,适合作为高产玉米品种选育的基础材料。根据综合得分F值筛选出表现优异的地方品种20份。

In order to establish a theoretical foundation for further research on the exceptional traits of maizelandraces,the study screened germplasm with great qualities and examined the diversity relationshipof phenotypic traits of maize landraces in Heilongjiang province.In Heilongjiang province,12 agronomic traits of 152 landrace varieties of maize were chosen for phenotypic field identification by two years field tests.Following an investigation of the phenotypic variety,groups were classified and their phenotypes were assessedusing principal component analysis and cluster analysis,respectively.The results showed that the variationcoefficients of different traits ranged from 3.48%to 31.23%with an average of 18.16%,and the genetic diversityindexes ranged from 1.73 to 2.08,with an average of 2.02.The diversity of maize landraces in the moderate andsemi-humid area of Sanjiang plain was relatively low,but the comprehensive traits were relatively good,withhigher yield,making it a region where excellent germplasm relatively concentrated.The results of principal component analysis of 12 agronomic traits showed that the first five principal component factors had includednine agronomic traits,with a cumulative contribution rate of 73.93%.These traits can be used as the mainindicators for identification and evaluation of maize landraces in Heilongjiang province.The results of cluster analysis showed that all varieties could be divided into six groups,among which group Vhad the best comprehensive traits and was suitable for breeding high-yield maize varieties as a basic material.Accordingtothe comprehensive score F values,20 maize landraces with excellent performance were selected.