叶面喷硒对胡麻生理特性、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Foliar Spraying Seleniumon Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Flax

为探究外源硒肥对胡麻产量、农艺性状、生理特性及品质的调控作用,以‘同亚16’(TY16)和‘晋亚10号’(JY10)2个胡麻品种为试验材料,采用田间试验,设置6个不同硒肥剂量,分别为清水对照(T0)、20(T1)、30(T2)、50(T3)、70(T4)和90 g/hm^(2)NaSeO_(3)(T5),研究硒肥对胡麻产量及其构成因素、光合作用参数、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、籽粒硒含量和品质的影响。结果表明,T3处理显著提升了TY16和JY10的产量,较T0处理分别增加了9.91%和12.51%,主要得益于单株果数和每果粒数的增加。T1~T5处理叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等光合参数以及叶绿素含量相比T0处理有显著提升,表明光合作用得到增强。在T5处理中,TY16和JY10籽粒硒含量达到最高,分别为0.461和0.505 mg/kg,比T0处理提高18.47和21.96倍。在品质方面,施用硒肥后籽粒中的亚油酸含量显著增加5.49%~24.56%,T3处理后,TY16和JY10的亚麻酸含量较T0处理分别上升6.96%和5.84%。因此,50 g/hm^(2)硒肥施用不仅提高了胡麻的产量和农艺性状,还增强了光合作用和叶绿素含量,提升了植株抗氧化能力,并通过增加籽粒硒含量、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,显著提高了胡麻籽的营养价值。

In order to explore the regulatory effects of exogenous selenium fertilizer on yield,agronomictraits,physiological characteristics and quality of flax,two flax varieties,Tongya 16(TY16)and Jinya 10(JY10),wereused as experimental materials,and six different doses of selenium fertilizer,water control(T0),20(T1),30(T2),50(T3),70(T4),90 g/ha NaSeO3(T5)were used to study the effects of selenium fertilizer on yield,yieldcomponents,photosynthetic parameters,antioxidant enzyme activities,malondialdehyde contents,seleniumcontents and quality of flax.The results showed that T3 treatment significantly increased the yield of TY16andJY10,which were increased by 9.91%and 12.51%compared with T0 treatment,respectively,mainly duetotheincrease of fruit number per plant and fruit number per fruit.Compared with T0 treatment,the net photosyntheticrate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of leaves under T1-T5 treatments weresignificantly increased,indicating that photosynthesis was enhanced.The grain selenium content of TY16andJY10 reached the highest under T5 treatment,which were 0.461 and 0.505 mg/kg,respectively,which were18.47and 21.96 times higher than that of T0 treatment.In terms of quality,the content of linoleic acid in seeds weresignificantly increased by 5.49%-24.56%after application of selenium fertilizer,and the content of linoleicacidin TY16 and JY10 under T3 treatment were increased by 6.96%and 5.84%,respectively,compared withthat under T0 treatment.Therefore,the application of 50 g/ha selenium fertilizer not only improved the yieldandagronomic traits of flax,but also enhanced the photosynthesis and chlorophyll content,improved the antioxidant capacity of plants,and significantly improved the nutritional value of flax seeds by increasing the content ofselenium and the contents of unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid in seeds.