播期对甜荞品种(系)农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Common Buckwheat Varieties(Lines)

为筛选出适合吉林省西部种植的甜荞品种及其最佳播期,利用34份甜荞品种(系)在3个播期(5月22日、6月12日、7月3日)对14个农艺性状及产量进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,播期对甜荞品种(系)14个农艺性状影响明显。生育期平均值随着播期的延迟缩短;4个株型性状、6个粒形性状和3个产量性状随着播期的推迟分别表现为先增后减、先减后增、逐渐增高的趋势。从各性状的遗传率来看,籽粒面积、籽粒周长、长宽比、籽粒长、籽粒宽、籽粒圆度等粒形性状以及千粒重的遗传率在3个播期中为0.901~0.992,大于其他性状。在相关性分析中,籽粒面积与籽粒周长、长宽比与籽粒圆度、株粒数与株粒重的相关系数绝对值在3个播期中均大于0.950。结果还表明,适合早播的甜荞品种为呵OK、呵T、喀1;适合中期播种的甜荞品种为呵T;适合晚播的甜荞品种为D2。综上所述,在吉林省西部地区选择适宜的播期结合种植适宜的品种可提高甜荞产量。

In order to select the best buckwheat varieties(lines)for cultivation in western Jilin province andtheir optimal sowing dates,genetic diversity analysis were conducted using 14 agronomic traits and yields of 34common buckwheat varieties(lines)on three sowing dates(22 May,12 June and 3 July).The results showedthat the sowing date had a significant impact on 14 agronomic traits of common buckwheat varieties(lines).Theaverage of growth days with the delay in sowing shortened;four plant type traits,six grain shape traits andthreeyield traits showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing,first decreasing and then increasing,andgradually increasing with the delay of sowing date.The heritability of each trait showed that the heritabilityof grain shape traits such as area of grain,girth of grain,length to width ratio,grain length,grain width,circularityand 1000-grain weight were 0.901-0.992 on the three sowing dates,which were all greater than the other traits.Inthe correlation analysis,the absolute values of the correlation coefficients between area of grain and girthof grain,length to width ratio and circularity,and number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant were greater than 0.950 on the three sowing dates.The results also showed that the common buckwheat varieties suitable for early sowing are He OK,He T and Ka 1;the common buckwheat variety suitable for medium-termsowingis HeT;and the common buckwheat variety suitable for late sowing is D2.In summary,the selection of suitablesowing periods in western Jilin province combined with the planting of qualitatively appropriate varieties canincrease the yield of common buckwheat.