基于DEA-Malmquist模型的大豆主产区成本效率测算与评价

Cost efficiency measurement and evaluation of soybean main producing areas based on DEA-Malmquist

大豆作为我国粮食作物中营养价值较高的作物,对于我国居民膳食的结构改善起重要作用。但目前,大豆作物存在依赖进口、自给率较低、生产成本较高等问题。从大豆生产过程中的经济成本角度出发,选取2013—2020年我国大豆主产区的大豆生产成本面板数据,基于投入导向,通过DEA模型和Malmquist指数对大豆生产的成本效率进行测算与指数分解,分析大豆在生产成本投入上存在的问题。研究发现,近8年来,各主产区全要素生产率多数处于边际报酬不变或递增的趋势,但年份增长率呈下降趋势,并且投入与产出要素存在不同程度的冗余现象;全要素生产率下降的主要因素源于技术进步不足。因此,在提升大豆成本效率的对策上可以采用着重提升科技水平、加大科研投入、优化投入要素规模和提高政府财政支持等措施。

Soybean,as a crop with high nutritional value in China's food crops,plays an important role in improving diet structure of Chinese residents.However,at present,soybean crops are more dependent on imports,low self-sufficiency rate and high production costs.Therefore,from perspective of economic cost in soybean production process,panel data of soybean production cost in soybean main production areas of China from 2013 to 2020 was selected.Based on input orientation,cost efficiency of soybean production was calculated and exponentially decomposed through DEA model and Malmquist index,and problems in soybean production cost input were analyzed.The research found that,in the past eight years,total factor productivity in main production areas was mostly in trend of constant or increasing marginal returns,but annual growth rate showed a downward trend,and there was redundancy in input and output factors to varying degrees.Main factor contributing to decline in total factor productivity was technological progress.Therefore,measures such as focusing on upgrading scientific and technological level,increasing scientific research investment,optimizating scale of input factors and improving government financial support could be adopted to improve soybean cost efficiency.