中古“牵拉”概念场词义的演变分析

Analysis of the Evolution of the Concept Field of the“Pulling”Verb from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty

选取中古时期“牵拉”义词“引”“牵”“曳”“拽”“拖”“挽”六词为研究对象,从共时角度梳理使用情况并得出“牵”“引”为主导词,“挽”“曳”为主要词汇,“拖”“拽”为边缘词汇。进而分析概念要素并辨析词义差别:“引”指不限方向的广义牵拉;“牵”指拉着向前走;“曳”“拽”“拖”指横牵不能或不愿移动之物;“挽”指牵动无法移动的重物。并从认知角度揭示出“引”“牵”“拽”通过隐喻方式衍生出“牵拉”义。

The study focuses on the six synonyms of“Pulling”verbs from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty like“Yin”(引),“Qian”(牵),“Ye”(曳),“Zhuai”(拽),“Tuo”(拖),and“Wan”(挽).From a synchronic perspective,the usage situation is sorted out and it is concluded that“Yin”(引)and“Qian”(牵)are the main guide words,“Wan”(挽)and“Ye”(曳)are the main words,and“Zhuai”(拽)and“Tuo”(拖)are marginal words.Furthermore,analyzing the conceptual elements and distinguish the differences in word meanings:“Yin”(引)refers to a broad sense of pulling without limiting direction;“Qian”(牵)refers to pulling forward;“Ye”(曳),“Zhuai”(拽)and“Tuo”(拖)refer to horizontally pulling something that cannot or is unwilling to move;“Wan”(挽)refers to pulling an immovable heavy object.And from a cognitive perspective,it is revealed that“Yin”(引),“Qian”(牵)and“Zhuai”(拽)derive the meaning of“pulling”through metaphorical means.