国家与区域资历框架的全球实践图景与发展趋势

Global Practice Landscape and Trends in National and Regional Qualifications Frameworks

全球教育及培训领域面临全新的技能需求转向,社会及个人对技能的关注与需求大大增加,对国家资历框架的构建提出了更高的要求。文章在全球视域下聚焦各国及各区域资历框架的实践图景与构建趋势,呈现了国家与区域资历框架的发展现状,概述了其核心发展动向:欧洲国家的资历框架发展程度普遍较高、区域和国家资历框架的交融趋势显著、在目标设立上呈同化趋势、普遍以学习成果作为框架的概念基础、在管治机构上仍有较大差异。文章提出了数字化资历框架和资历数据库的应用、国家资历框架包容性不断提升、微证书与资历框架的交互不断深化、着重建设认证环节的质量保障机制四个主要构建趋势,并指出:未来我国国家资历框架建设应充分把握全球技能转向的趋势,注重我国国家资历框架的连续性、协同性和终身性,积极应对数字化认证发展的挑战,通过技术赋能满足劳动力市场、教育和培训系统乃至个人的资历需求。

The global education and training sector is facing a new shift in skill demands.The social and individual attention and demand for skills have greatly increased,which places greater demands on the construction of national qualification frameworks.This paper focuses on the practice landscape and construction trends of national and regional qualifications frameworks in a global perspective,presents the current development status of national and regional qualification frameworks globally,and outlines their core trends:the high development degree of qualification frameworks in European countries,the significant integration trend of regional and national qualification frameworks,the assimilation trend in target-setting,prevalence of learning outcomes as the conceptual basis of the framework,large differences in governing institutions.The paper highlights four main construction trends:the application of digital qualifications frameworks and qualification databases,the increasing inclusiveness of national qualification frameworks,the deepening interaction between micro-credentials and qualifications frameworks,and the focus on building quality assurance mechanisms in the certification chain.Finally,this paper points out that the future construction of China’s national qualifications framework should fully grasp the trend of the global skills shift,focus on the continuity,synergy and lifelong nature of China’s national qualifications framework,and actively respond to the challenges of the development of digital certification,so as to meet the qualifications needs of the labor market,the education and training system,and also the individuals through the technology empowerment.