兼顾生态的梯级水电站优化调度模型研究与应用

Research and Application of Optimal Scheduling Model of Cascade Hydropower Stations Considering Ecological Requirements

随着生态环境保护意识的提高,国家对水库开展生态调度的要求也不断提高。针对金沙江下游梯级电站复杂多样的生态调度需求,以经济效益最大为目标,建立针对产粘沉性卵鱼类生态调度和促进产漂流性卵鱼类繁殖生态调度的梯级水电站中长期优化调度模型;通过生态调度与电站运行目标的整体优化,得到生态调度开展时机的优化方案,实现兼顾生态调度和电站发电。在此基础上,选取丰、平、枯共30个典型年进行分析。结果表明:不同典型年下考虑生态调度后梯级发电量减少0.01%~0.27%,来水越丰,生态调度的影响越大。就整个消落期来看,生态调度与兴利调度没有明显的冲突,但会影响梯级电站的消落进度,导致上游两座电站消落提前1旬左右,对下游两座电站影响较小。

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection,the demands of ecological scheduling of reservoirs are in-creasing.In view of the complex and diverse ecological scheduling requirements of cascade hydropower stations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River,a middle and long-term optimal scheduling model of cascade hydropower stations was proposed with the goal of maximizing economic benefits,considering ecological demands for fish species that spawn sticky,demersal eggs and fish species that spawn drifting eggs.Through the overall optimization,the optimal implementation plans of ecological scheduling was given to balance ecological scheduling and power generation.On this basis,thirty typical years of wet,normal and dry were selected for analysis.The results show that,after taking ecological scheduling into consideration in different typical years,the cas-cade power generation decreases by 0.01%-0.27%.The impact of ecological scheduling on cascade power generation shows a posi-tive correlation with inflow.In terms of the whole falling stage,there is no significant conflict between ecological scheduling and power generation.However,ecological scheduling could affect the falling progress of reservoirs,leading to the falling dates of two upstream hydropower stations have been about ten days advanced,and making little impact on downstream hydropower stations.