黄河流域兰州段废弃矿山主要生态环境问题及成因分析

Analysis on main ecological and environmental problems and causes of abandoned mines in Lanzhou section of the Yellow River Basin

研究区地处黄土高原与青藏高原的交汇地带,位于黄河上游区,生态环境十分脆弱。区内丰富的矿产资源曾为当地的经济发展做出过重要贡献,但由于资源的枯竭,目前形成了大量的废弃矿山。据统计,兰州市现有废弃矿山图斑751处,涉及图斑面积约17.56km^(2),其中已治理历史遗留废弃矿山图斑52处,面积1.08km^(2),未治理的图斑699处,面积16.48km^(2)。废弃矿山引起崩塌、滑坡地质灾害频发和土地资源、地貌景观、地表植被严重破坏等地质生态环境问题,根本原因是矿山开采历史较长、开采方式粗放、开采技术落后和环境保护意识缺乏等。

The study area is located at the confluence of the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,characterized by a highly fragile ecological environment.Historically,the region significantly contributed to local economic development through its abundant mineral resources.However,resource depletion has led to the proliferation of numerous abandoned mines.According to statistics,there are 751 abandoned mine sites in Lanzhou city,with total area of 17.56 km^(2).Among them,52 sites covering 1.08 km^(2) have been treated,while 699 sites covering 16.48 km^(2) remain untreated.The prolonged history of mining,extensive mining methods,outdated mining technology,and lack of environmental awareness are fundamental factors contributing to frequent geological disasters such as collapses and landslides,which severely damaged land resources,landform landscapes,and surface vegetation.