无患子花总皂苷提取工艺优化及抗氧化、美白活性研究

Optimisation of Extraction Process of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.Flowers and in vitro Antioxidant and Whitening Activities

以总皂苷得率为指标,采用单因素和正交试验优化无患子花总皂苷水提取工艺,对比无患子花水提液与无患子果皮水提液中的总皂苷、总黄酮和总酚含量。通过DPPH·、ABTS^(+)·、O_(2)^(-)·清除实验以及铁离子还原能力测定评价无患子花水提液抗氧化能力;通过酪氨酸酶活性抑制实验,探究其美白效果;通过红细胞溶血试验,探究无患子花水提液的刺激性。结果表明:无患子花水提液的最佳提取条件为提取温度80℃、提取时间180 min、液料比30∶1(mL∶g),此条件下,总皂苷得率为12.15%。无患子花水提液的总皂苷、总黄酮和总酚含量较无患子果皮高;无患子花与果皮的水提液抗氧化能力及酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力较好,且无患子花水提液优于果皮水提液。无患子花水提液的HD50/DI>100,根据红细胞溶血试验刺激性分级标准,表明无患子花水提液无刺激性。

Single-factor and orthogonal tests were used to optimize the extraction process of total saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.flowers,using the total saponin yield as an indicator.The total saponins,flavonoids and phenols contents in the water extracts of S.mukorossi Gaertn.flowers and pericarp were compared.Furthermore,the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH·,ABTS^(+)·,O_(2)^(-)·radical scavenging test,and ferric ion reducing ability assay.The whitening effect was explored by tyrosinase activity inhibition test,and the irritant properties were investigated by red blood cell haemolysis test.The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows:extraction temperature of 80℃,extraction time of 180 min and liquid-solid ratio of 30(mL/g).Under these conditions,the total saponins yield was 12.15%.The contents of total saponins,flavonoids and phenols in the water extract of S.mukorossi Gaertn.flower were higher than that of pericarp.The antioxidant capacity and tyrosinase activity inhibiting ability of the S.mukorossi Gaertn.flower water extract were good,which were better than that of pericarp.The HD 50/DI>100 of the aqueous extract of S.mukorossi Gaertn.flowers,according to the erythrocyte haemolysis test irritation grading criteria,indicated that the aqueous extract was non-irritating.