病变患者HPV感染情况、基因型分布及阴道微生态变化分析

Analysis of HPV Infection, Genotype Distribution, and Vaginal Microbiota Changes in Female Patients with Cervical Lesions

目的:分析女性宫颈病变患者人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染情况、基因型分布及阴道微生态变化。方法:选取2022年6月至2023年6月期间92例女性宫颈病变患者(纳入观察组),同时期无宫颈病变的健康体检者92例纳入对照组,比较观察组与对照组HPV感染情况、基因型分布、阴道微生态评估及功能学指标检测结果。结果:观察组HPV感染检出率为73.91%,高于对照组的13.04%,其中单一感染检出率54.35%、混合感染检出率19.56%,分别高于对照组的11.96%、1.09%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组HPV基因型检出率最高的为HPV 16、HPV 18,检出率分别为45.65%、35.87%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组衣原体、支原体、滴虫、细菌性阴道炎检出率均高于对照组(P<0.05),乳酸杆菌为优势菌、阴道pH值≤4.5的比例均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组白细胞酯酶、唾液酸甘酶、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶阳性检出率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:宫颈病变患者高危型HPV感染率及HPV 16、HPV 18等基因型检出率显著高于正常人群,且患者的阴道微生态存在明显变化,病原体及白细胞酯酶、唾液酸甘酶、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶阳性检出率提高。

Objective: To analyze the Human Papillomavirus(HPV) infection status, genotype distribution, and vaginal microbiota changes in women with cervical lesions. Methods: A total of 92 women with cervical lesions were enrolled in the study group from June2022 to June 2023. Additionally, 92 healthy women without cervical lesions during the same period were included in the control group.The study compared the HPV infection status, genotype distribution, vaginal microbiota assessment, and functional indices between the study and control groups. Results: The HPV infection rate in the study group was 73.91%, significantly higher than 13.04% in the control group. The rates of single HPV infection and mixed infection in the study group were 54.35% and 19.56%, respectively, significantly higher than 11.96% and 1.09% in the control group(P<0.05). The most prevalent HPV genotypes in the study group were HPV 16 and HPV 18, with detection rates of 45.65% and 35.87%, respectively, both significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05). Additionally, the study group exhibited higher detection rates of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Trichomonas, and Bacterial Vaginosis(P<0.05). The proportion of Lactobacillus as the dominant bacteria and vaginal pH ≤4.5 was lower in the study group(P<0.05). The positivity rates of leukocyte esterase, sialidase, and β-glucuronidase were elevated in the study group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Women with cervical lesions have a significantly higher rate of high-risk HPV infection and detection of genotypes like HPV 16 and HPV 18 compared to the normal population. There are also significant changes in the vaginal microbiota of these patients, with increased detection rates of pathogens and elevated levels of leukocyte esterase, sialidase, and β-glucuronidase.