考虑风险规避的绿色供应链融资决策

Consider Risk-Averse Green Supply Chain Financing Decisions

针对绿色供应链下小微制造企业融资难等问题,构建由单个制造商和零售商组成的二级绿色供应链博弈模型。在制造商不考虑融资进行绿色生产的基础上,引入银行融资、零售商融资和风险规避行为,分析当供不应求或需求突然增加而产能不足时,零售商是否为制造商提供融资以扩大产量的问题,给出不同融资策略下制造商和零售商的最优决策。结果显示:在绿色供应链中,增加产品绿色度可以提高制造商和零售商的利润。对于制造商来说,采用任何融资方式都能够缓解资金压力,但当零售商风险规避程度较小时,应选择向零售商融资;当零售商风险规避程度较大时,应选择向银行融资。当零售商为上游制造商提供融资时,双方的利润水平都可以得到有效提升。因此,零售商可以设定合理的融资利率,为制造商提供金融帮助,并多方位评估制造商的生产经营能力,选择合适的方式规避制造商产量不足所带来的风险,降低自身损失。同时,鼓励制造商进行绿色技术创新、生产绿色度更高的产品,从而提高市场竞争力。

Aiming at the producing financing difficulties of small and micro manufacturing enterprises under green supply chain,we construct a second-level green supply chain game model consisting of a single manufacturer and a retailer.On the basis of manufacturers not considering financing for green production,bank financing,retailer financing,and risk avoidance behavior are introduced to analyze whether retailers provide financing for manufacturers when they face insufficient production due to increased demand.The optimal decisions for manufacturers and retailers under different financing strategies are given.The results show that in a green supply chain,improve product greenness can increase the profits of manufacturers and retailers.For manufacturers,adopting any financing method can help alleviate their financial pressure.However,when the level of risk avoidance for retailers is low,they should choose to obtain financing loans from retailers.When retailers have a high degree of risk aversion,they should choose to borrow from banks.Moreover,when retailers provide loan financing to upstream manufacturers,both parties can effectively increase their profit margins.Therefore,retailers should set reasonable financing interest rates and provide manufacturers with a certain degree of financial assistance.Meanwhile,evaluating the production and operation capabilities of manufacturers from multiple perspectives and choosing some appropriate ways to avoid the risks caused by insufficient production of manufacturers,to reduce their own losses.At the same time,retailers had better encourage manufacturers to innovate in green product technology and produce products with higher greenness,in order to improve market competitiveness.