凉山地区HIV/AIDS患者皮肤黏膜病变及流行病学特征分析

Analysis of Skin and Mucosal Lesions and Epidemiological Characteristics of HIV/AIDS Patients in Liangshan Area

目的分析凉山地区HIV/AIDS患者皮肤黏膜病变及流行病学特征,以期为当地艾滋病防控工作提供参考。方法回顾性分析凉山地区某二级甲等综合医院2022年6月—2023年5月就诊的HIV/AIDS合并皮肤黏膜病变患者。检测其HIV病毒载量和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数,收集性别、年龄以及HIV感染途径等一般资料。结果根据纳入标准,共纳入78例研究对象,男性48例(61.54%),女性30例(38.46%),中位年龄31岁(1~68岁)。婚姻状况中,以已婚为主(56例,71.80%)。艾滋病传播途径中,以异性性行为为主(58例,74.36%)。HIV病毒载量与CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数两者呈负相关(r=-0.328,P=0.012)。78例研究对象中,感染性皮肤黏膜病变32例(41.03%),以口腔念珠菌病和梅毒为主;非感染性皮肤黏膜病变46例(58.97%),以湿疹和脂溢性皮炎为主。随着CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数水平升高,皮肤黏膜病变发生率逐渐降低。当CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数<100 cells/μL时,皮肤黏膜病变发生率高,并常合并2种及以上皮肤黏膜病变。结论凉山地区HIV/AIDS患者皮肤黏膜病变表现复杂,合并疾病种类较多。因此,针对HIV/AIDS患者需进行详细的检查和诊断,及早发现罹患的皮肤黏膜病变。

Objective To analyze the skin and mucosal lesions and epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients in the Liangshan area,in order to provide a reference for local AIDS prevention and control work.Methods Retrospective analysis of HIV/AIDS patients combined with skin and mucosal lesions who visited a secondary-grade comprehensive hospital in the Liangshan area from June 2022 to May 2023.Detect their HIV viral load and CD4^(+)T lymphocyte count,and collect general information such as gender,age,and HIV infection route.Results According to the inclusion criteria,a total of 78 study subjects were included,including 48 males(61.54%)and 30 females(38.46%),with a median age of 31 years old(1~68 years old).Among marital status,the majority were married(56 cases,71.80%).Among the transmission routes of AIDS,heterosexual behavior was the main one(58 cases,74.36%).There was a negative correlation between HIV viral load and CD4^(+)T lymphocyte count(r=-0.328,P=0.012).Of the 78 participants in the study,32 cases(41.03%)had mucosal lesions on their skin and were infectious,namely oral candidiasis and syphilis;46 cases(58.97%)had non-infectious mucosal lesions,primarily eczema and seborrheic dermatitis.As the CD4^(+)T lymphocyte count level increased,the incidence of skin and mucosal lesions gradually decreased.The highest frequency of skin and mucosal lesions,as well as the highest frequency of two or more types of cutaneous and mucosal lesions,were observed when the CD4^(+)T lymphocyte count was fewer than 100 cells/μL.Conclusion The skin and mucosal lesions of HIV/AIDS patients in the Liangshan area exhibit replication,and there are many types of comorbidities.Therefore,detailed examination and diagnosis are needed for HIV/AIDS patients to detect skin and mucosal lesions early.