明清竞奢风气下李渔居室设计思想的3个维度

The Three Dimensions of Li Yu's Room Design Thought

清初李渔的《闲情偶寄·居室部》从文人和市民阶层的经济实用角度出发,在居室设计上敢于突破旧制,体现为以下3个维度:一是其居室设计强调“脱窠臼”以致“新趣”,或巧创人所未见的新制,或变俗为雅、点铁成金,从而在居室设计中将陶冶性情与自我实现完美结合以致“新趣”;二是其居室设计强调量力而为,不以富丽、侈靡为美,以自然、适用为美,体现出人居与自然和谐的“天趣”;三是其居室设计注意实用、比例和舒适度,“忌奢靡”而贵“雅趣”,其雅趣非文震亨“旷士之怀”的“古雅”之趣,而是中下层文人知识分子满足个人趣味和实用功能的新雅、时雅。李渔设计观念的超前性和时代性,仍是有待我们去探索、研究的富矿!

From the economic and practical point of view of the literati and the civil class,Li Yu's"Casual Affair·House Department"in the early Qing Dynasty dared to break through the old system in the house design and explored many practical and elegant designs of the literati:first,his house design emphasized"out of the rut"to"new interest",or skillfully created a new system that was not seen by people,or changed the vulgar into elegant and refined,Thus,in the bedroom design,the perfect combination of edifying temperament and self-realization leads to"new interest";Second,its bedroom design emphasizes acting according to one's ability,not taking richness and extravagance as beauty,but taking nature and applicability as beauty,reflecting the"natural interest"of harmony between human settlements and nature;Third,the design of its bedroom should pay attention to practicality,proportion and comfort."Don't be extravagant",but"elegance".Its elegance is not the"quaint"interest of the literary magnate"Kuang Shi Huai",but the new and contemporary elegance of the middle and lower literati intellectuals to meet their personal interests and practical functions.Li Yu's advanced and contemporary design concept is still a rich mine for us to explore and study!