资源·声誉·机会:高校分类发展的动力机制和政策路径

Resources,Reputation and Opportunities:the Driving Mechanism and Policy Pathway for the Classified Development of Higher Education Institutions

普及化阶段的高等教育要求保持多样化发展以回应社会的多元教育、科技、人才与服务需求。我国高校办学的同质化倾向阻碍了高校的分类发展,其制度根源在于特定的高等教育制度环境所产生的合法性压力。要推动高校的差异化办学和分类化发展,就有必要通过高等教育管理体制的改革和分类拨款、多元评价等相关体制机制的创新来为不同类型的高校构建资源、声誉和机会等多重动力机制。政府政策优化的方向和目标在于从制度上保障不同类型高校相对均衡的资源配置和相对公平的声誉积累与机会获取,塑造高校分类发展的良好制度环境和教育生态。

The stage of mass higher education needs to maintain diversified development to respond to the various requirements of society in the areas of education,science and technology,talents and services.However,the homogenization tendency of China’s higher education institutions has hindered its classified development,which is rooted in the legitimacy pressure generated in the specific higher education institutional environment.In order to promote the differentiated university operation and classified development,it is necessary to construct multiple motivation mechanisms such as resources,reputation and opportunities for different types of colleges and universities through the reform of higher education management system and the innovation of related systems or mechanisms such as classification funding and diverse evaluation.Therefore,the direction and goal of government policy optimization is to institutionally ensure a relatively balanced resource allocation of and a relatively fair reputation accumulation as well as the access to opportunities for different types of colleges and universities so that a good institutional environment and educational ecology for the classified development of higher education institutions can be created.