功能论视角下乡村教师社会角色的公共性

Publicity of Rural Teachers’Social Roles from the Perspective of Functionalism

从功能论的视角透视中国乡村教师社会角色所展现出的公共性特质,具有可行性与合理性。乡村教师融汇聚合了乡土社会里的“文化人”“老熟人”“公家人”三种角色特质,对教师公共性的发挥均起着不同测度的支持作用。援引功能论分析乡村教师社会角色的公共性,明晰其“显—正功能”协助了国家公共政策的推行;“显—负功能”加重了乡村教师的非常规教学工作;“潜—正功能”成为推动乡村建设与乡村振兴的“粘合剂”与“万金油”;“潜—负功能”造成了“工具人”处境下教师角色的“迷”与“失”。揭示乡村教师社会角色公共性的各项功能,启示我们要“重新发现乡村教师”,即重新明晰乡村教师的工作责任和工作边界,减轻教师工作负担;重新认识乡村教师所扮演的社会角色,客观评估教师职业劳动;重新把握乡村教师发展的路向,重视乡村教师作为个体生命的“全人”发展;重新打造助力乡村教育发展的社会契约,重塑乡村教师工作的公共空间。

It is feasible and reasonable to look into the publicness of the social role of rural teachers from the perspective of functionalism.Rural teachers integrate the three roles of“cultural person”,“old acquaintance”and“public family”in the rural society,which all play a supporting role in different measures to the display of teachers’publicness.By applying the functional analysis paradigm,we analyze the publicity of rural teachers’social role and make clear that their“demonstrative and positive function”helps the implementation of national public policies;their“apparent-negative function”aggravates the rural teachers’unconventional teaching work;their“potential-positive function”has become the“adhesive”and“universal oil”to promote rural construction;and their“latent and negative function”leads to“confusion”and“loss”of teacher’s role under the situation of“tool man”.Revealing the various functions of the public roles of rural teachers enlightens us to“rediscover rural teachers”,that is,to clarify the work responsibilities and boundaries of rural teachers,and to reduce their work burden;to re-recognize the social roles played by the rural teachers and evaluate the professional labor of teachers objectively;to re-grasp the direction of the development of rural teachers and attach importance to the“whole person”development of rural teachers as individuals;and to rebuild the social contract that helps the development of rural education and reshape the public space for rural teachers to work.