基于不确定性知识的学生评价:理论前提与路径建构

Student Evaluation Based on Uncertain Knowledge:Theoretical Premise and Path Construction

知识具有确定性和不确定性向度。在基于确定性知识的学生评价中,教师成为学生评价的权威评判者,消弭了学生的主体性;认知领域成为学生评价的主要范畴,阻碍了学生情感和价值观的发展;终结性测评成为学生评价的根本尺度,限制了学生批判性思维的形成等。基于不确定性知识的学生评价为建构新时代学生评价路径提供了前提和依据,其主要根源在于人对知识的认识从确定性转向不确定性、知识自身由确定性裂变为不确定性、后现代主义课程观对确定性知识观的解构三个方面。新时代学生评价改革应耦合知识的不确定性,推进学生综合素质评价体系实施;契合不确定性知识,形成多元学生评价主体;和合不确定性知识,实现增值性评价取代过程性评价和终结性评价,并以渐进性思维方式推进学生评价改革。

Knowledge has the dimensions of certainty and uncertainty.In the student evaluation based on certain knowledge,teachers become the authoritative evaluators of student evaluation,which eliminates students’subjectivity;cognitive field becomes the main category of student evaluation,which hinders the development of students’emotions and values;and the summative assessment becomes the fundamental measure of student evaluation,which limits the formation of students’critical thinking.The student evaluation based on uncertain knowledge provides the premise and basis for the construction of approaches to student evaluation in the new era,which is the result of the following three aspects:the change of people’s understanding of knowledge from certainty to uncertainty,the fission of knowledge itself from certainty to uncertainty,and the deconstruction of the view of certainty knowledge by postmodernism curriculum.The reform of student evaluation in the new era should be coupled with the uncertainty of knowledge,promote the implementation of students’comprehensive quality evaluation system,form multiple student evaluation subjects conforming to the uncertainty knowledge,realize value-added evaluation instead of process and final evaluation,and promote the reform of student evaluation with gradual thinking.