基于三维结构的列车车体操作主断过电压仿真分析与试验研究

Simulation Analysis and Experimental Research of Main Breaker Operation Overvoltage for Train Body Based on 3D Structure

目前,对列车过电压的研究可分为现场试验研究与电路仿真研究。电路仿真研究着重关注过电压幅值分布情况,操作主断过电压的振荡频率也是其重要特性,在研究其抑制方法时需要同时考虑过电压的幅值大小与频率特性,而目前对过电压的频率分布研究较少,为操作主断过电压抑制研究提供指导,以车体、高压电缆及钢轨等部件的三维结构为基础,提出一种新的列车操作主断过电压仿真模型。通过该模型,仿真了列车操作主断路器时高压电缆芯线及各车体的暂态过电压特性,得到各车车体过电压的分布情况,仿真结果表明,1车车体操作过电幅值最大达6.10 kV,4车最小,1~4车过电压幅值均在1 kV以上,并发现车体操作主断过电压的主要振荡频率有两个:0.70 MHz及1.30 MHz。进一步通过现车静态试验验证列车操作主断过电压的分布特性及频谱特性的准确性,试验数据表明仿真结果在过电压幅值分布上极为准确,幅值大小除4车外仿真与试验误差不超过5%,频谱特性方面仿真与试验均有2个主要振荡频率,可认为仿真与试验具有一致性。因此认为基于三维结构的仿真模型具备高精度的仿真能力,能模拟出操作过电压的特性并为过电压抑制研究提供指导。

Current research on overvoltage in trains can be divided into field tests and circuit simulations.The circuit simulation study focuses on the overvoltage amplitude distribution,the oscillation frequency of the main operating overvoltage is also an important characteristic,and the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the overvoltage need to be considered in the study of its suppression method.However,there is currently limited research on the frequency distribution of overvoltage.To provide guidance for the study of overvoltage suppression in the operation of the main circuit breaker,a new simulation model of train operating main break overvoltage is proposed based on the three-dimensional structure of the car body,high-voltage cables and rails.The model is used to simulate the transient overvoltage characteristics of the high-voltage cable core and each car body during the operation of the main circuit breaker,and the distribution of the overvoltage in each car body is obtained.The simulation results show that the maximum overvoltage amplitude during the operation of car 1 is 6.10 kV,while it is the smallest for car 4.The overvoltage amplitudes of cars 1 to 4 are all above 1 kV,and it was found that there are two main oscillation frequencies of the main overvoltage during the operation of the car body,which are 0.70 MHz and 1.30 MHz.Furthermore,the accuracy of the distribution characteristics and spectral characteristics of the train operating main break overvoltage is verified by static tests on the existing trains,and the test data show that the simulation results are extremely accurate in terms of overvoltage amplitude distribution,and the error between simulation and test does not exceed 5%in terms of amplitude,except for car 4.In terms of spectral characteristics,both simulation and experiment have two main oscillation frequencies,which can be considered consistent between simulation and experiment.Therefore,it can be concluded that the simulation model based on the three-dimensional structure has the ability to simulate the characteristics of operating overvoltage with high accuracy and provides guidance for overvoltage suppression research.