我国赤泥污染现状及资源化利用方向

Current Situation of Red Mud Pollution and the Direction of Resource Utilization in China

我国工业制成品原料的80%来自矿产资源,由此产生了大量的工业固废,其中赤泥是比较典型的一种工业危废,如不经合理处置,将对大气、水体、土壤等产生危害。同时赤泥又兼具资源属性,如经过合理利用,将替代部分原材料,符合我国“十四五”循环经济发展规划的要求。对我国赤泥产生、堆存、污染现状,及目前综合利用的方式及优缺点进行综述,赤泥产量大,堆存量已超数亿吨,污染问题已变得比较突出,当前主要应用在冶金、建材和环境保护领域,提出了赤泥大规模资源化利用的方向,助推我国实现“双碳目标”。

80% of the raw materials for industrial products in our country come from mineral resources,resulting in a large amount of industrial solid waste.Among them,red mud is a typical industrial hazardous waste.If it is not properly disposed,it will cause harm to atmosphere,water,soil etc.At the same time,red mud also has resource attributes.If reasonably utilized,it will replace some raw materials,which meets the requirements of Chinese 14th Five Year Plan for the development of circular economy.This paper summarizes the current situation of red mud production,storage,and pollution in China,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of current comprehensive utilization methods.The production of red mud is large,with a storage capacity of over hundreds of millions of tons.The pollution problem has become more prominent and it is currently mainly applied in the fields of metallurgy,building materials,and environmental protection.The direction of large-scale resource utilization of red mud is proposed,boost China to achieve the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goal”.