嗅觉检测对帕金森病和原发性震颤的诊断价值

Diagnostic value of olfactory detection in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor

目的比较帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)和原发性震颤(essential tremor,ET)患者的嗅觉功能,拟探究嗅觉检测对两种疾病诊断和鉴别诊断的临床价值。方法选取2022年3月至2022年12月于江苏省江原医院神经内科就诊的PD患者92例、ET患者73例、健康对照48例作为研究对象。利用嗅觉障碍诊断辅助卡分别对其进行嗅觉检测,分析嗅觉检测对PD和ET鉴别诊断的敏感度和特异性。结果三组受试者嗅觉评分及嗅觉障碍发生率差异有统计学意义(F=74.064,P<0.001);进一步行事后分析,ET组嗅觉障碍发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.283,P>0.05),PD组嗅觉障碍发生率高于ET组和对照组(P<0.001)。嗅觉检测鉴别PD和ET的敏感度为89.1%,特异性为79.5%。结论PD患者存在明显的嗅觉障碍,嗅觉检测有望成为PD和ET鉴别诊断的有效指标。

Objective To compare the olfactory function of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)and essential tremor(ET),and to explore the clinical value of olfactory detection in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the two diseases.Methods Totally 92 patients with PD,73 patients with ET and 48 normal controls were selected as the research objects.The olfactory function of the three groups was compared by using the olfactory dysfunction diagnosis auxiliary card,and the sensitivity and specificity of olfactory detection for the differential diagnosis of PD and ET were analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the olfactory score and the incidence of olfactory disorder among the three groups(F=74.064,χ^(2)=102.988,P<0.001).After further analysis,there was no significant difference in the incidence of olfactory disorder between ET group and control group(χ^(2)=0.283,P>0.05),while the incidence of olfactory disorder in PD group was significantly higher than that of ET group and control group(χ^(2)_(1)=79.021,χ^(2)_(2)=72.142,P<0.001).The sensitivity and specificity of olfactory detection in differentiating PD from ET were 89.1%and 79.5%.Conclusion PD patients have obvious olfactory dysfunction,and olfactory detection is expected to be an effective biomarker for differential diagnosis of PD and ET.