高职院校新生心理健康状况分析及应对策略——以娄底职业技术学院心理普查结果为例

Analysis of Mental Health Status of Freshmen in Higher Vocational Colleges and its Countermeasures——Through Taking the Psychological Survey Results of Loudi Vocational and Technical College as an Example

为及时识别高职院校新生的心理健康状况,避免发生校园心理危机事件,采用SCL-90量表对娄底职业技术学院2023级新生进行心理普查,运用统计学方法对普查结果进行分析。结果表明,该校新生心理问题检出率高于全国平均水平,强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐惧等特征是排名靠前的阳性症状因子。差异性检验发现,女生的躯体化及抑郁、焦虑、恐怖等维度得分均显著高于男生,少数民族学生的抑郁、焦虑与恐怖状况得分显著高于汉族学生,城市生源学生在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性等各维度的得分均明显高于农村生源学生,独生子女在偏执与敌对两个维度的得分高于非独生子女。基于此,提出培养学生的实践能力,加大德育教育力度,实施分级管理等对策,以期提升大学生的心理健康水平。

In order to identify the mental health status of freshmen in higher vocational colleges in time,and avoid the occurrence of psychological crisis on campus,the study conducts a psychological survey of 2023 freshmen in Loudi Vocational and Technical College with SCL-90 scale,and analyzes the census results with statistical methods.The results show that the detection rate of psychological problems among students in the school is lower than the national average.Obsessiveness,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,and fear are the top positive symptom factors.The difference test finds that the scores of somatization,depression,anxiety and terror of female students are significantly higher than those of male students.The scores of depression,anxiety and terror of ethnic minority students are significantly higher than those of Han students.The scores of somatization,depression,anxiety,hostility,paranoia,and psychosis,etc.of urban students are significantly higher than those of rural students.Scores of paranoia and hostility of only children are higher than non-only children.Based on this,it is suggested to cultivate students’practical ability,strengthen moral education,and implement graded management,so as to improve the mental health level of college students.