铌酸盐作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展

Research Progress on Niobates as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

铌酸盐作为高能量密度、高倍率和长寿命锂离子电池(LIBs)的负极材料,具有比传统石墨或Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)更好的倍率和安全特性,吸引了学术界和工业界的广泛研究兴趣。在储锂过程中,铌酸盐拥有的多种氧化还原电对和开放的晶体结构,大大提高其理论比容量。同时,铌酸盐的工作电压窗口多高于Li+/Li还原电位,有效地防止锂枝晶的形成。本文深入探讨了铌酸盐的锂存储机制,以TiNb_(x)O_(2.5x+2)(x=2、10或14)和MNb_(2)O_(6)(M=Ni、Cu、Zn等)等负极材料为例,阐明了这些铌酸盐的储锂机理,并阐述了铌酸盐材料的内在缺陷。本文还探讨了材料纳米晶化、涂层和掺杂等当前改性策略,以提升铌酸盐材料在电化学储能领域的应用潜力。

Niobates have garnered extensive research interest from both academia and industry as anode materials for high-energy-density,high-rate,and long-lifetime lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their superior rate performance and safety characteristics compared to traditional graphite or Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12).During lithium storage,niobates benefit from multiple redox pairs and an open crystal structure,significantly enhancing their theoretical specific capacity.Additionally,their operating voltage window is typically higher than the Li+/Li reduction potential,effectively preventing the formation of lithium dendrites.This paper delves into the lithium storage mechanisms of niobates,with a focus on anode materials such as TiNb_(x)O_(2.5x+2)(x=2,10,or 14)and MNb_(2)O_(6)(M=Ni,Cu,Zn,etc.).It elucidates the lithium storage mechanisms of these niobates and addresses their intrinsic shortcomings.Furthermore,the paper explores contemporary modification strategies,including nanomaterial crystallization,coating,and doping,aimed at enhancing the application potential of niobate naodes in the field of electrochemical energy storage.