2018—2022年河南省鹤壁市居民健康素养水平变化趋势及影响因素

Trends and influential factors in health literacy levels of Hebi City residents,Henan Province,2018-2022

目的了解2018—2022年河南省鹤壁市常住居民的健康素养水平变化趋势和特点,分析相关影响因素,为评价和调整健康促进与健康教育政策提供依据。方法自2018年起,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法连续5年抽取鹤壁市15~69岁常住人口进行健康素养问卷调查,采用χ^(2)检验分析健康素养水平变化趋势,应用多因素logistic回归模型分析2022年居民健康素养水平的影响因素。结果2018—2022年鹤壁市居民健康素养水平由15.17%增长至29.66%(χ^(2)趋势=237.60,P<0.05)。基本知识和理念、健康生活方式和行为、基本技能3个方面健康素养水平均呈上升趋势(χ^(2)趋势值分别为111.32、451.84、44.41,P均<0.05),累计增长量最高的是健康生活方式与行为(20.07%);科学健康观、传染病防治、慢性病防治、安全与急救、基本医疗、健康信息等6类健康问题素养水平呈上升趋势(χ^(2)趋势值分别为109.33、189.48、340.65、14.88、148.58、204.51,P均<0.05),5年累计增长量由高到低依次是慢性病防治(18.81%)、健康信息(16.35%)、科学健康观(14.52%)、传染病防治(12.12%)、基本医疗(11.45%)、安全与急救(4.37%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,文化程度、职业、年龄是居民健康素养水平的影响因素。结论2018—2022年鹤壁市居民健康素养水平逐年升高,今后要持续加强重点人群、重点领域健康教育与健康促进工作,进一步提升居民健康素养水平。

Objective To analyze the trends and characteristics of health literacy level changes among permanent residents in Hebi City from 2018 to 2022 and to identify influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for evaluating and adjusting health promotion and education policies.Methods Since 2018,A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to survey the resident population aged 15-69 years in Hebi City for five years.Health literacy was assessed using a questionnaire survey.Theχ^(2)(Chi-square) test was used to analyze the trend of health literacy level,and a multifactorial logistic regression model was applied to identify factors influencing health literacy levels in 2022.Results The health literacy level of Hebi residents increased significantly from 15.17%to 29.66%between 2018 and 2022 (χ^(2)_(trend)=237.60,P<0.05).All three aspects of health literacy,basic knowledge and concepts,healthy lifestyles and behaviors,and basic skills,showed an increasing trend(χ^(2)_(trend)values were 111.32,451.84,44.41,respectively,all P<0.05).The largest cumulative increase was observed in healthy lifestyles and behaviors (20.07%);literacy levels in six health issue categories also showed significant upward trends (χ^(2)_(trend )values were 109.33,189.48,340.65,14.88,148.58,204.51,respectively,all P<0.05),with the largest 5-year cumulative increases in chronic disease prevention and treatment (18.81%),followed by health information (16.35%),scientific health concepts (14.52%),infectious disease prevention and treatment (12.12%),basic medical care (11.45%),and safety and first aid(4.37%).Multi-factor logistic regression analysis identified literacy,occupation,and age as noticeable influencing factors.Conclusions There has been a notable increase in health literacy level of Hebi City residents.Continued focus on health education and promotion for key populations and areas is necessary to further enhance overall health literacy levels.