2021—2022学年河南省洛阳市中小学校教学环境卫生状况及影响因素

Teaching environment hygiene status and its influencing factors in primary and secondary schools of Luoyang,Henan,2021-2022

目的分析洛阳市中小学校教学环境卫生状况及影响因素,为制定相关改进措施提供依据。方法2021—2022学年在洛阳市采用分层随机抽样方法抽取120所中小学校,采用《学校经常性卫生监督监测评价计分表》及自行设计的中小学校教学环境卫生调查表对选取的中小学校进行教学环境卫生状况调查及监测,根据教学环境卫生监测结果,将研究对象分为合格组和不合格组并进行比较,应用logistic回归分析影响因素。结果2021—2022学年监测的洛阳市120所中小学校中,95所学校教学环境卫生监测合格,合格率为79.17%,其中小学81.11%(73/90),中学73.33%(22/30)。黑板的尺寸和反射比、黑板面的平均照度和照度均匀度的合格率分别为48.47%、60.00%、57.50%、52.92%;黑板尺寸的合格率中学(40.56%)低于小学(51.11%),教室人均面积合格率中学(82.78%)高于小学(75.56%)(χ^(2)值分别为6.022、4.021,P均<0.05)。25所教学环境卫生监测不合格学校中,乡镇学校、乡村学校、无预防性卫生监督、学校卫生管理部门检查频率1次/月、教师校园卫生管理制度知晓情况差的比例较高,分别为36.00%、52.00%、56.00%、60.00%、40.00%。logistic回归分析显示,乡镇学校(OR=6.838,95%CI:1.302~35.904)、乡村学校(OR=8.141,95%CI:1.580~41.936)、无预防性卫生监督(OR=4.736,95%CI:1.553~14.441)、学校卫生管理部门检查频率低(OR=3.679,95%CI:1.220~11.096)、校园卫生管理制度知晓情况差(OR=4.776,95%CI:1.392~16.386)是中小学校教学环境卫生不合格的危险因素。结论2021—2022学年洛阳市中小学校教学环境卫生状况总体水平良好,但仍有部分学校教学环境卫生状况水平较低。乡镇乡村学校、卫生监督机构开展预防性卫生监督、学校卫生管理部门检查力度、教师校园卫生管理制度知晓情况是其教学环境卫生状况是否合格的影响因素。

Objective To analyze the teaching environmental hygiene status and its influencing factors in primary and secondary schools of Luoyang for providing evidence to develop relevant improvement measures.Methods During 2021-2022 academic year,the stratified random sampling method was used to select 120 primary and secondary schools in Luoyang,and the Regular Hygiene Supervision and Monitoring Evaluation Scoring Table in Schools and a self-designed teaching environmental hygiene survey questionnaire for primary and secondary schools was used investigate and monitor the teaching environmental hygiene status of the selected schools.Based on the monitoring results,the study subjects were divided into qualified and unqualified groups for comparison.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results Out of 120 primary and secondary schools monitored in Luoyang during 2021-2022 academic year,95 schools,81.11%primary schools(73/90)and73.33%were secondary schools(22/30),met the teaching environmental hygiene standards,with a qualification rate of 79.17%.The qualification rates for blackboard size and reflectance,average illuminance and illuminance uniformity of blackboard surfaces were 48.47%,60.00%,57.50%,and 52.92%,respectively.The qualification rate for blackboard size was lower in secondary schools(40.56%)than that in primary schools(51.11%),while the qualification rate for per capita classroom area was higher in secondary schools(82.78%)than that in primary schools(75.56%)(χ^(2)values were 6.022 and 4.021,respectively,and all P<0.05).Of the 25 schools with unqualified teaching environment hygiene monitoring results,the proportions of township schools,rural schools,schools without preventive hygiene supervision,schools with a health management department inspection frequency of once per month,and schools where teachers had poor awareness of campus hygiene management systems were relatively high,which was 36.00%,52.00%,56.00%,60.00%,and 40.00%,respectively.Logistic regression analysis indicated that township schools(OR=6.838,95%CI:1.302-35.904),rural schools(OR=8.141,95%CI:1.580-41.936),lack of preventive hygiene supervision(OR=4.736,95%CI:1.553-14.441),low health management department inspection frequency(OR=3.679,95%CI:1.220-11.096),and poor awareness of campus hygiene management systems(OR=4.776,95%CI:1.392-16.386)were risk factors for unqualified teaching environmental hygiene in primary and secondary schools.Conclusions The overall level of teaching environmental hygiene in primary and secondary schools of Luoyang during the 2021-2022 academic year was good,but some schools still had low levels of teaching environmental hygiene.Factors influencing whether the teaching environmental hygiene status was qualified included being a township or rural school,the implementation of preventive hygiene supervision by health supervision agencies,the intensity of inspections by school health management departments,and teachers′awareness of campus hygiene management systems.