2021—2022年河南省开封市重点职业病监测结果

Monitoring results for key occupational diseases in Kaifeng of Henan from 2021 to 2022

目的了解开封市重点职业病监测项目中接触重点职业病危害因素作业人员职业健康状况,为明确职业健康工作重点、制定职业病防治策略提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制中心职业病及健康危害因素监测系统和河南省职业健康技术质量控制中心平台,收集2021—2022年开封市重点职业病监测项目中各职业健康检查机构报告的个案数据,采用描述性方法分析血压、血常规、尿常规、谷丙转氨酶等一般健康检查指标和噪声、苯等专项指标异常情况。结果2021—2022年开封市辖区内接触重点职业病危害因素作业人员接受职业健康检查的分别为10645、15174人,疑似职业病检出率分别为0.02%(2/10645)、0.01%(1/15174),职业禁忌证检出率分别为1.09%(116/10645)、1.23%(187/15174);接触矽尘、苯、噪声、电焊烟尘作业人员职业禁忌证检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为51.061和44.822,P均<0.05)。2022年噪声作业人员双耳高频平均听阈≥40 d B检出率为5.62%(396/7048),高于2021年的3.62%(177/4885)(χ^(2)=25.128,P<0.05);苯作业人员白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数异常检出率均高于2021年[5.33%(68/1275)比2.69%(31/1152)、5.77%(61/1057)比2.52%(29/1152)](χ^(2)值分别为10.799和14.931,P均<0.05)。2021—2022年新报告重点职业病3例。结论开封市最严重的职业病危害因素为噪声和苯,职业健康检查疑似职业病和职业禁忌证检出率较低,应进一步加强重点企业和职业健康检查机构管理,推进重点职业病监测与职业健康检查工作。

Objective To understand the occupational health status of the workers exposed to key occupational hazard factors in the key occupational disease monitoring project in Kaifeng,so as to provide the evidence for clarifying the focus of occupational health work and formulating occupational disease prevention strategies.Methods Through the occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the platform of Henan Provincial Occupational Health Technology Quality Control Center,the case data reported from occupational health examination institutions in the key occupational disease monitoring projects in Kaifeng from 2021-2022 were collected.The abnormal conditions related to the general health examination indicators such as blood pressure,blood routine,urine routine,alanine aminotransferase and so on,and the special indicators such as noise,benzene and so on were analyzed.Results The numbers of workers exposed to key occupational hazard factors receiving occupational health examination from 2021-2022 were10645 and 15174,respectively,the detection rates of suspected occupational diseases were 0.02%(2/10645)and 0.01%(1/15174),and the detection rates of occupational contraindications were 1.09%(116/10645)and 1.23%(187/15174),respectively.There were significant differences in the detection rates of occupational contraindications among the workers exposed to silicon dust,benzene,noise and welding smoke(χ^(2)were 51.061 and 44.822,respectively,and both P<0.05).The detection rate of binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold≥40 d B of noise-exposed workers and the abnormal rate of white blood cell count and neutrophil count of benzene exposed workers in 2022,which were 5.62%(396/7048),5.33%(68/1275),and 5.77%(61/1057),respectively,were higher than those in 2021(χ^(2)were 25.128,10.799,14.931,respectively;all P<0.05),which were 3.62%(177/4885),2.69%(31/1152)and 2.52%(29/1152),respectively.Three cases of key occupational diseases were newly reported from 2021-2022.Conclusions The most serious occupational hazard factors in Kaifeng City are noise and benzene.The detection rates of suspected occupational disease and occupational contraindication in occupational health examination are low.The management of key enterprises and occupational health examination institutions should be further strengthened,and the monitoring of key occupational diseases and occupational health examination should be promoted.