固定床渣油加氢装置长周期运行技术进展与思考

PROGRESS AND REFLECTION ON THE LONG-TERM OPERATION TECHNOLOGYOF THE FIXED-BED RESIDUE HYDROTREATING UNIT

针对固定床渣油加氢装置长周期运行的技术需求,首先对制约其运行周期的核心因素和改进方向进行分析,然后对比了现有保护反应器技术的优缺点,最后对长周期运行技术的未来发展方向进行探讨。分析结果表明:催化剂金属沉积失活和积炭失活是制约固定床渣油加氢装置长周期运行的核心因素;可切出保护反应器技术和上流式保护反应器技术更适合于解决反应器压降上升问题,对装置运行周期的延长有限;可轮换式保护反应器技术和催化剂在线置换式保护反应器技术可显著延长装置的运行周期,但存在工艺复杂、投资高和技术安全风险较高的问题;逐步可切出保护反应器技术兼具工艺简单和可显著延长运行周期的优点;未来应着重开发工艺更为简化的新保护反应器技术,同时还应重视高容金属能力催化剂级配技术、催化剂降积炭技术和低压降高效率渣油加氢催化剂的开发。

In response to the technical requirements for the long-term operation of a fixed-bed residue hydrotreating unit,the key factors restricting its operation period and improvement direction were analyzed first,and then the advantages and disadvantages of the existing fixed-bed residue hydrotreating guard reactor technology were compared.Finally,the future development direction of long-term operation technology was discussed.It is considered that the deactivation caused by metal deposition and carbon deposition is the main factor that restrict the operating cycle of the fixed-bed residue hydrotreating unit;the cut-off guard reactor technology and up-flow guard reactor technology are more suitable for solving the problem of increasing pressure drop of the reactor,which can prolong the running period of the unit;the rotary guard reactor technology and catalyst on-line displacement guard reactor technology can significantly extend the operating cycle of unit,but there are problems of complex process,high investment and high technical safety risks.The technology of gradually cut-off guard reactor has the advantages of both simple process and significantly extended operating cycle,and the development of new guard reactor technologies with more simplified processes is emphasized in the future.At the same time,attention should be paid to the development of high-capacity metal catalyst grading technology,catalyst coke reduction technology,and low-pressure and high-efficiency residual oil hydrogenation catalyst.