民国温州:一个区域历史的变化脉络

Wenzhou in the Republic of China:The Changing Trajectory of a Regional History

民国时期温州的历史变迁,是了解20世纪中国历史演化的一个特殊案例。自晚清开埠之后,温州成为上海经济文化的辐射区,保存了较为完整的传统文化,加上澎湃而兴的新学浪潮,使温州学人成就斐然,也使中西文化兼容的风气也已开始流行,并影响全国。1912年后,由于政治变化剧烈,温州的“边缘性”使其能保持一定的政治稳定,并与统治中枢保持一种若即若离的关系,但至1920年后,温州也成为不同势力竞争的焦点地区之一。沿海优势使温州在经济上能够得蒙其利,无论是外向型手工业制品出口、民众出国谋生还是舶来品输入都变得更为方便,也使温州更容易融入全球化经济体系。文化教育层面,由于新旧交织、人才辈出,温州一度成为浙江省文化的“高地”。1937年后,温州也因其区位特点,成为东南沿海存留时间最长的通航口岸,其进出口贸易量大幅提升,机器工业生产越来越兴盛,为之后温州经济的发展打下了坚实的基础。民国时期,温州社会文化风气丕变,新兴社团崛起,国家与民众关系也出现较大变化。温州的地理区位、自然经济结构与民国以后全国政治局势的嬗变,建构了民国时期温州的历史演化。

The historical trajectory of Wenzhou during the period of the Republic of China is a special case for understanding the historical evolution of China in the 20th century.Since the opening of the port in the late Qing Dynasty,Wenzhou became a region influenced by Shanghai’s economy and culture.The city preserved a relatively intact local traditional culture,which,coupled with the surging wave of new learning,led to remarkable achievements by scholars in Wenzhou.The trend towards the fusion of Chinese and Western cultures has also begun to be popular in Wenzhou and even affected the whole country.After 1912,despite the drastic political changes,Wenzhou’s“marginality”enabled it to maintain a certain degree of political stability and a distant relationship with the ruling center.However,after 1920,Wenzhou also became one of the focal areas of competition among various forces.The coastal advantage allowed Wenzhou to benefit economically.Whether it was the export of export-oriented handicraft products,people going abroad to make a living,or even the import of goods,all became more convenient,making Wenzhou more easily integrated into the global economic system.In terms of culture and education,due to the interweaving of old and new,and the emergence of a large number of talents,Wenzhou once became the cultural“highland”of Zhejiang Province.After 1937,Wenzhou also became the longest surviving navigation port on the southeast coast because of its geographical characteristics.Its import and export trade volume increased significantly,and the production of machine industry became more and more prosperous,which laid a solid foundation for the economic development of the city.During the period of the Republic of China,Wenzhou’s social and cultural atmosphere changed.New associations rose,and the relationship between the state and the people also changed greatly.Wenzhou’s geographical location,natural economic structure,and the evolution of the national political situation after the Republic of China constructed the historical evolution of Wenzhou during the period of the Republic of China.