超级铝热剂在固体推进剂中的应用研究进展

Progress and prospects on the application of superthermites for solid propellants

超级铝热剂具有高放热和高活性的特点,其反应速率和能量释放效率均显著高于传统铝热剂,应用于固体推进剂有望改善释能速率、效率、感度等指标,已成为固体推进剂的发展方向。总结了超级铝热剂的制备工艺、特点及其工业化应用潜力;论述了超级铝热剂在固体推进剂中的适用性;综述了超级铝热剂的微结构(燃料/氧化剂界面控制、核壳结构、多层膜结构)和组分(金属氧化物、氟材料、碳纳米材料)对固体推进剂燃烧性能和能量释放的影响。超级铝热剂的添加显著提高了热反应活性和放热量,增强了推进剂的点火及燃烧性能,同时存在工业生产成本高、工艺控制要求复杂、燃烧过程精密控制难度大等问题,展望了未来超级铝热剂在固体推进剂中应用的研究重点和发展方向。

Superthermites with high heat release and high reactivity exhibit significantly enhanced reaction rates and energy re⁃lease efficiency compared to traditional thermite compositions.Their incorporation into solid propellants can improve energy release rates,efficiency,and sensitivity,being a promising direction for the evolution of solid propellants.The preparation process,character⁃istics and industrial application potential of superthermites were summarized.The applicability of superthermites in solid propellants was discussed.The effects of microstructure(fuel/oxidizer interface control,core/shell structure,multilayer film structure)and com⁃position(metal oxides,fluorine materials,carbon nanomaterials)of superthermite on the combustion performance and energy release of solid propellants were reviewed.The addition of superthermites significantly improves the thermal reaction activity and heat re⁃lease,and enhances the ignition and combustion performance of propellants.At the same time,there are some problems such as high industrial production cost,complex process control requirements,and difficult precision control of combustion process.Future re⁃search priorities and development trends in the application of superthermites in solid propellants are anticipated to focus on address⁃ing these issues,aiming to optimize performance.