结核病γ干扰素释放试验刺激抗原研究进展

Progress on Stimulating Antigens in Tuberculosis Interferon-Gamma Release Assay

结核分支杆菌复合群引起的人和动物结核病,对人类健康及畜牧业发展造成了严重的威胁,早期诊断对于结核病的防控至关重要。在结核病众多诊断方法中,免疫学诊断方法中γ干扰素释放试验具有很好的应用前景。γ干扰素释放试验刺激抗原以结核菌素(purified protein derivative,PPD)为主,然而PPD抗原成分复杂,诊断特异性和敏感性有待提高,因此寻找可以代替PPD的特异性刺激抗原成为了研究热点。论文系统综述了近年来报道用于γ干扰素释放试验的刺激抗原,重点概述了刺激抗原的免疫特性、刺激效果以及各类刺激抗原的优势、局限性和应用前景,以期为人和动物结核病的诊断及防控提供参考。

The human and animal tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex are serious threat to human health and the development of the livestock husbandry,and early diagnosis is crucial for the control of tuberculosis.Among various diagnostic methods for tuberculosis,some immunological diagnostic methods such as the Gamma-interferon release assay(IGRA)holds promising prospects.At present,the primary stimulating antigen of IGRA is the tuberculin purified protein derivative(PPD).However,the complex composition of PPD antigen necessitates the improvement in diagnostic specificity and sensitivity.Consequently,the research of specific stimulating antigens to replace PPD has become a hotspot.This paper systematically reviews stimulating antigens used in IGRA in recent years,with a particular focus on their immunological properties,stimulating effects,as well as the advantages,limitations,and application prospects of various stimulating antigens.The findings presented offer valuable insights for the diagnosis and control of human and animal tuberculosis.