油库土壤地下水环境管理问题与对策建议

Analysis and Countermeasures on Environmental Risk Prevention and Control of Soil and Groundwater in Oil Depots in China

为防控在产油库储运设备老化及人为因素对周边土壤和地下水产生的污染,文章根据在产企业土壤和地下水环境管理要求,分析油库环境风险防控对策现状和面临的问题与挑战,提出我国油库土壤和地下水污染防治管控的升级策略。根据《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》《工矿用地土壤环境管理办法(试行)》《地下水管理条例》等关于在产企业的土壤和地下水环境管理政策要求,结合油库关键设施和运营环节,制定基于源头防控、隐患排查、自行监测、调查评估、风险管控和修复的全流程土壤和地下水环境风险防控对策与技术要求。针对目前油库的土壤和地下水环境风险防控存在调查检测技术的局限性、风险评估的不确定性、修复和风险管控的物理限制性,提出数字化监管、优化调查评估技术、构建油库场地概念模型、采用“分区分级”的治理策略。

To prevent and control the pollution of surrounding soil and groundwater caused by the aging of storage and transportation equipment at the production oil depot and human factors.According to the requirements of soil and groundwater environmental management in operational enterprises.The current situation and countermeasures,and facing problems and challenges of environmental risk prevention and control at oil depots were analyzed.The upgrading strategy of soil and groundwater pollution prevention and control at oil depots in China was proposed.According to the environmental management policy requirements of soil and groundwater for operational enterprises,such as“Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China”“Measures for the Management of the Soil Environment of Industrial and Mining Land(Trial Implementation)”“Groundwater Management Regulations”,and other related policies,combined with key facilities and operational aspects of oil depots,countermeasures and technical requirements for environmental risk prevention and control of soil and groundwater were formulated around the whole process based on source prevention and control,hazard detection,autonomous monitoring,investigative assessment,risk management and remediation.In response to the limitations of current investigation and detection technologies,the uncertainties of risk assessment,and the physical constraints of remediation and risk management,the digital supervision,the optimization of investigative and assessment technologies,the development of conceptual models for oil depot sites,and the implementation of“zoned and graded”governance strategies were advocated.