叶面追肥对云烟99上六片叶品质及工业可用性的影响

Effect of Foliar Topdressing on the Quality and Industrial Availability of the Six Upper Leaves of Yunyan 99

[目的]探索云南临沧植烟区上六片叶的最适宜追肥时期和方式,提高上六片叶的工业可用性。[方法]施用不同叶面肥对上六片叶进行提钾促落黄技术研究,对初烤烟叶B2F致香成分进行检测,分析化学成分、物理特性、外观质量、感官质量和经济性状的可用性指数并计算不同施肥处理的综合效果指数。[结果]喷施不同的叶面肥料均有提高田间烟叶成熟度、促进植株增长的作用,其中以喷施红牛唯美甲处理最好;上部叶的化学成分指标中总糖、还原糖均较高,钾离子含量偏低导致钾氯比较低,变异系数较低,说明化学成分的协调性较好,致香成分差异分析中类西柏烷类、类胡萝卜素降解产物类、美拉德反应物类、其他致香物质类总和均为喷施红牛唯美甲处理最适合优质清香型上部叶烤烟原料标准;感官质量、外观质量等指标均以喷施红牛唯美甲为最优处理;化学成分、感官质量、外观质量、物理性状和感官质量的工业可用性综合效果指数以喷施红牛唯美甲处理最高,为59.84。[结论]适当追施叶面肥能提高云南临沧植烟区上部叶的产质量和经济效益,打顶后第3天对水充分溶解混匀红牛唯美甲后间隔5~7 d进行叶面喷雾2次,每次用量2250 g/hm^(2)效果最好。

[Objective]To explore the best time and method of top⁃dressing for the upper six leaves in Lincang tobacco⁃growing area,Yunnan Province,and to improve the industrial availability of the upper six leaves.[Method]The techniques of extracting potassium and promoting yellowing in the upper six leaves were studied by applying different foliar fertilizers,and the aroma components of B2F in the first flue⁃cured to⁃bacco leaves were detected,availability index values of analytical chemistry,physical properties,appearance quality,sensory quality,and eco⁃nomic traits were calculated and the combined effect index of different fertilization treatments was calculated.[Result]Spraying different foliar fertilizers could improve the maturity of tobacco leaves and promote the growth of tobacco plants.The total sugar and reducing sugar of the upper leaves were higher,and the lower content of potassium ion resulted in lower rate of potassium and lower coefficient of variation,in the analysis of aroma components,cetane⁃like compounds,carotenoid degradation products,maillard reaction compounds and other aroma components were the most suitable raw materials for top⁃leaf flue⁃cured tobacco.Sensory quality,appearance quality and other indicators were sprayed‘KALI’foliar fertilizer as the best treatment;The industrial availability index of chemical composition,sensory quality,appearance quality,physical properties and sensory quality was the highest in‘KALI’foliar fertilizer treatment(59.84).[Conclusion]Applying foliar fertilizer properly can improve the yield,quality and economic benefit of upper leaves in tobacco⁃growing areas of Lincang,Yunnan Province,after topping the 3rd day mixed with water fully dissolved Red Bull nail after the interval of 5-7 days for foliar spray 2 times,2250 g/hm^(2) dose had the best effect.