中国农业农村信息化发展分析及展望

Analysis and Prospect of Agricultural and Rural Informatization Development of China

近年来,新一代信息技术加速创新,日益融入农业农村发展各领域全过程,正成为推动农业农村要素资源重组、乡村经济结构重塑、全球农业竞争格局改变的重要力量。当前,我国农业农村信息化发展成效显著,农业农村新基建加快推进,传统基础设施数字化改造提速;大数据应用的广度、深度不断提升,农业先进模型算法加速创新;智慧农业快速起步,智慧灌溉、变量施肥、精准饲喂、植保无人机等深化应用,催生了无人农场、立体植物工厂、智慧牧场、智慧渔场等应用场景;农村电商蓬勃发展,直播电商、社区电商等新电商模式不断涌现;乡村治理和服务数字化不断创新,“互联网+政务服务”加快向乡村延伸。但也面临着发展不平衡不充分、关键核心技术装备不足、信息化产业体系不健全等突出问题。建议加快推动城乡间区域间信息化协调发展、加快农业信息化核心技术攻关和推广应用、加快建设现代化农业信息化产业体系,为加快促进乡村振兴和建设农业强国提供信息化支撑。

In recent years,the new generation of information technology has accelerated innovation and increasingly integrated into the entire process of agricultural and rural development,which becomes an important force in promoting the restructuring of agricultural and rural factor resources,reshaping of the rural economic structure,and the change of global agricultural competition pattern.Currently,significant progress has been made in the development of agricultural and rural informatization in China,which is reflected in the acceleration of new infrastructure construction in agriculture and rural areas,and the acceleration of digital transformation of traditional infrastructure.The breadth and depth of big data applications are constantly increasing,and advanced agricultural model algorithms are accelerating innovation.The rapid development of smart agriculture has led to the deepening of applications such as smart irrigation,variable rate fertilization,precision feeding and plant pro⁃tection drones,which have given rise to application scenarios,such as unmanned farms,three⁃dimensional plant factories,smart ranches and smart fishing grounds.Rural e⁃commerce is thriving,and new e⁃commerce models such as live streaming e⁃commerce and community e⁃com⁃merce are constantly emerging;rural governance and service digitalization continued to innovate,and the“Internet plus government service”accelerated its extension to rural areas.But at the same time,it also faces prominent problems,such as insufficient key core technology equip⁃ment and an imperfect information industry system.It is recommended to accelerate the coordinated development of informationization between urban and rural areas,to accelerate the research and promotion of core agricultural informationization technologies,and to accelerate the con⁃struction of a modern agricultural informationization industry system,in order to provide informationization support for accelerating rural revital⁃ization and building an agricultural power.