乙酰水杨酸的制备实验教学改革

Teaching Reform on Preparation of Acetylsalicylic Acid

以水杨酸钠和乙酰氯为原料合成乙酰水杨酸,反应温和,反应条件易控制。正交实验重点考察了反应物摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间及硫酸的用量等条件对产率的影响。实验表明,乙酰水杨酸合成的最佳实验条件是:乙酰氯和水杨酸钠的摩尔比为3∶1,反应温度80℃,硫酸用量为2 d,反应时间为20 min,在此条件下产率可达75.5%。该实验可为有机化学实验教学改进提供理论数据。

Acetylsalicylic acid was prepared by the acetylation reaction of sodium salicylateand acetyl chloride with the catalysis of sulfuric acid.The effect of molar ratio,catalyst on reaction,reaction temperature and reaction time were discussed,and then the optimal reaction conditions were determined by orthogonal test.The results showed that optimum molar ratio of acetyl chloride to sodium salicylate was 3∶1,the best reaction temperature was 80 ℃,the best reaction time was 20 min,taking two drops of sulfuric acid as catalyst.The yield was up to 75.5% and the research can provide the theoretical data for the education reform.