野生钟花樱嫁接繁育研究

Research on Grafting Breeding of Wild Prunus campanulata

为提高钟花樱Prunus campanulata的繁殖系数,更好地保护和利用野生钟花樱种质资源,以钟花樱实生苗为砧木,野生钟花樱优株为接穗,研究嫁接时间、嫁接方法、砧木大小对嫁接成活率及嫁接苗生长的影响。结果表明,野生钟花樱在广东梅州以冬季1月中旬嫁接最为适宜,嫁接成活率达93.33%,显著高于其他嫁接时间(P<0.05)。嫁接方法会对嫁接成活率以及嫁接苗的苗高和地径产生显著影响(P<0.05),采用切接法或切腹接法的嫁接成活率较高,分别达到91.33%和93.33%,优于劈接和嵌芽接的73.15%和82.67%;嫁接苗的生长亦以切接苗或切腹接苗表现较好,平均苗高分别达到166.27 cm和170.05 cm,平均地径分别为18.38、18.04 mm;嵌芽接苗的生长表现最差,苗高仅为118.56 cm,地径仅为13.76 mm。砧木地径大小对钟花樱嫁接成活率、嫁接苗苗高和嫁接苗地径产生显著影响(P<0.05)。地径>1.0 cm的砧木嫁接成活率显著高于地径<1.0 cm砧木;相关性分析显示砧木地径与嫁接苗苗高、嫁接苗地径具有极显著正相关关系,砧木地径越大,嫁接苗的苗高、地径生长越好,建议生产中,应选用地径>1.0 cm的1年生实生苗作为砧木。

To improve the reproductive coefficient of Prunus campanulata and better protect and utilize the wild germplasm resources of P.campanulata,the effects of grafting time,grafting method,and rootstock size on the grafting survival rate and growth of grafted seedlings were studied by using P.campanulata seedlings as rootstocks and wild P.campanulata superior plants as scions.The results showed the most suitable grafting time was mid-January in Meizhou,Guangdong,and the grafting survival rate was 93.33%,which was significantly higher than other grafting times(P<0.05).The grafting method significantly affected the grafting survival rate as well as the seedling height and ground diameter of grafted seedlings(P<0.05).The survival rate of grafting by cutting or side-scion grafting was higher,reaching 91.33%and 93.33%,respectively,which was better than 73.15%and 82.67%of split grafting and bud grafting.The grafting seedlings of the cut grafting method or the side-scion grafting method showed better growth performance,with an average seedling height of 166.27 cm and 170.05 cm,and an average ground diameter of 18.38 mm and 18.04 mm,respectively.The growth performance of grafted seedlings with embedded buds is the worst,with a seedling height of only 118.56 cm and a ground diameter of only 13.76 mm.The diameter of the rootstock had a significant effect on the grafting sur-vival rate and the growth of grafted seedlings of P.campanulata(P<0.05).The survival rate of rootstocks with a ground diameter>1.0 cm was significantly higher than that of rootstocks with a ground diameter<1.0 cm.The correlation analysis showed that rootstock diameter had a highly significant positive correlation with grafted seedling height and diameter.The larger the ground diameter of the rootstock,the better the growth of the height and ground diameter of the grafted seedlings.It is suggested that the 1-year-old seedlings with ground diameter>1.0 cm should be selected as rootstocks in production.